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A 74-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department due to a fall on her shoulder. Additional finding was a significant swelling of the face and neck. In the computer tomography of the head, neck, and thorax, a humerus fracture and pronounced soft tissue emphysema from the infraorbital region to the mediastinum was detected. The patient reported that she had been treated by her dentist 4\u00a0days earlier. The treatment had to be discontinued after beginning of a pronounced swelling. Other reasons for the emphysema could be excluded out on an interdisciplinary teamwork. The patient was monitored as an inpatient for 5\u00a0days and received intravenous antibiotic therapy. This case report shows the rare complication of pronounced mediastinal emphysema after root canal treatment. Emphysema should always be a differential diagnosis of soft tissue swelling and, in case of doubt, a general medical presentation should be made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01088-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:02:33Z","timestamp":1654819353000},"page":"533-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pronounced mediastinal emphysema after restorative treatment of the lower left molar\u2014a case report and a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Spille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee C\u00e4cilia","family":"Spille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Naujokat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydin","family":"G\u00fclses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"K\u00fcbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1088_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769180","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4769180","volume":"2016","author":"I Ocakcioglu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ocakcioglu I, Koyuncu S, Kupeli M, Bol O (2016) Pneumomediastinum after tooth extraction. 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