{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:07:18Z","timestamp":1787501238572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Maxillofac Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study aims to define the optimal timing of the surgical treatment of orbital floor trapdoor fractures (OFTFs) in adults according to clinical and radiological findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2006 to December 2020, 382 patients with isolated orbital floor fracture were admitted to the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery of Turin, Italy. The criteria for inclusion were age\u2009\u2265\u200916\u00a0years, preoperative computed tomography showing a linear (1a) or medial hinge fracture (1b), diplopia, and 6\u00a0months of follow-up data. Aetiology and mechanism of injury, presence of post-traumatic enophthalmos and oculocardiac reflex, time between trauma occurrence and surgery [stratified as\u2009&lt;\u200924\u00a0h (urgent treatment), 24\u201396\u00a0h (early treatment), and\u2009&gt;\u200996\u00a0h (late treatment)], days of hospitalisation, and clinical outcomes were examinated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four patients (18 males; mean age, 23.2\u00a0years) presented with OFTFs. The most common cause was sport injury (50%). Type 1a fracture was observed in eight patients (mean age, 19.5\u00a0years), type 1b fracture in 16 patients (mean age, 23.6\u00a0years). Urgent, early, and late treatments were performed in eight patients each. The mean time between trauma occurrence and surgery was 3,8\u00a0days (range: 0\u201317\u00a0days). Resolution of diplopia was observed 1\u00a0week after surgery in 10 patients, 1\u00a0month in 12. Diplopia persisted in 2 patient, both treated\u2009&gt;\u200996\u00a0h after trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the number of patients was too small to define a standard protocol, the authors recommend early treatment of adult OFTFs to promote complete resolution of diplopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T05:03:06Z","timestamp":1657947786000},"page":"625-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characteristics and surgical management of pure trapdoor fracture of the orbital floor in adults: a 15-year review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylenia","family":"Gugliotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Roccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Garzino","family":"Demo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.6.881","volume":"60","author":"DB Soll","year":"1965","unstructured":"Soll DB, Poley BJ (1965) Trapdoor variety of blowout fracture of the orbital floor. Am J Ophthalmol 60:269\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.6.881","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1099_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199811000-00001","volume":"14","author":"DR Jordan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jordan DR, Allen LH, White J, Harvey J, Pashby R, Esmaeli B (1998) Intervention within days for some orbital floor fractures: the white-eyed blowout. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 14:379\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002341-199811000-00001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01057-6","volume":"109","author":"MA Burnstine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burnstine MA (2002) Clinical recommendations for repair of isolated orbital floor fractures: an evidence-based analysis. Ophthalmology 109:1207\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01057-6","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1099_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.8.723","volume":"131","author":"JH Kwon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kwon JH, Moon JH, Kwon MS, Cho JH (2005) The differences of blowout fracture of the inferior orbital wall between children and adults. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:723\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archotol.131.8.723","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.08.022","volume":"11","author":"MR Criden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Criden MR, Ellis FJ (2007) Linear non displaced orbital fractures with muscle entrapment. J AAPOS 11:142\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.08.022","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"1099_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.02.014","volume":"125","author":"RC Kersten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kersten RC, Vagefi MR, Bartley GB (2018) Orbital \u201cblowout\u201d fractures: time for a new paradigm. Ophthalmology 125:796\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.02.014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1099_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310890","volume":"102","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Sabundayo MS, Miyazaki H (2018) Orbital trapdoor fractures: different clinical profiles between adult and paediatric patients. Br J Ophthalmol 102:885\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310890","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1099_CR8","first-page":"955","volume":"116","author":"BS Sires","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sires BS, Stanley RB, Levine LM (1998) Oculocardiac reflex caused by orbital floor trapdoor fracture: an indication for urgent repair. Arch Ophthalmol 116:955\u2013956","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1099_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0184-6","volume":"49","author":"FH Kakizaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kakizaki FH, Zako M, Iwaki M, Mito H, Katori N (2005) Incarceration of the inferior oblique muscle branch of the oculomotor nerve in two cases of orbital floor trapdoor. Jpn J Ophthalmol 49:246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-004-0184-6","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1099_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b80e95","volume":"25","author":"C Kum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kum C, McCulley TJ, Yoon MK, Hwang TN (2009) Adult orbital trapdoor fracture. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 25:486\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b80e95","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2009.01186.x","volume":"21","author":"P Mehanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mehanna P, Mehanna D, Cronin A (2009) White-eyed blowout fracture: another look. Emerg Med Australas 21:229\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2009.01186.x","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"1099_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2016.11.32397","volume":"1","author":"SM Summers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Summers SM, Wood RM, Costello JE, Carlson CL (2017) Orbital trapdoor fracture: an open-and-shut case? Clin pract cases emerg med 1:67\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/cpcem.2016.11.32397","journal-title":"Clin pract cases emerg med"},{"key":"1099_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1625965","volume":"12","author":"J Papadiochos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papadiochos J, Petsinis V, Tasoulas J (2019) Pure orbital trapdoor fractures in adults: tight entrapment of perimuscular tissue mimicking true muscle incarceration with successful results from early intervention. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 12:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1625965","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"1099_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.04.032","volume":"77","author":"M Said","year":"2019","unstructured":"Said M, Gill AS, Bradley Strong E (2019) Utility of endoscope-assisted orbital fracture repair for atraumatic reduction of entrapped muscle tissue and surgical education. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 77:2298\u20132301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2019.04.032","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2020.46.6.428","volume":"46","author":"BF Brasileiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brasileiro BF, Van Sickels JE, Cunningham LL Jr (2020) Oculocardiac reflex in an adult with a trapdoor orbital floor fracture: case report, literature review, and differential diagnosis. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:428\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5125\/jkaoms.2020.46.6.428","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520965804","volume":"13","author":"AU Gowda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gowda AU, Manson PN, Iliff N, Grant MP (2020) Resolution of vertical gaze following a delayed presentation of orbital floor fracture with inferior rectus entrapment: the contributions of Charles E. Iliff and Joseph S. Gruss in Orbital Surgery. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 13:253\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1943387520965804","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"1099_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181e20647","volume":"21","author":"H Yano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yano H, Suzuki Y, Yoshimoto H, Mimasu R, Hirano A (2010) Linear-type orbital floor fracture with or without muscle involvement. J Craniofac Surg 21:1072\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181e20647","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.03.012","volume":"49","author":"M Ethunandan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ethunandan M, Evans BT (2011) Linear trapdoor or \u201cwhite-eye\u201d blowout fracture of the orbit: not restricted to children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 49:142\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.03.012","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.05.008","volume":"26","author":"LT Phan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phan LT, Jordan Piluek W, McCulley TJ (2012) Orbital trapdoor fractures. Saudi J Ophthalmol 26:277\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.05.008","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1099_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.02.033","volume":"77","author":"R Karthik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karthik R, Cynthia S, Vivek N, Saravanan C (2019) Intraoperative findings of extraocular muscle necrosis in linear orbital trapdoor fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 77:e1\u2013e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2019.02.033","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3537","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003537","volume":"9","author":"MM Al-Qattan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Qattan MM, Al-Qattan-MY, (2021) \u201cTrap door\u201d orbital floor fractures in adults: are they different from pediatric fractures? Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 9:e3537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003537","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"1099_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.12.037","volume":"68","author":"G Gerbino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gerbino G, Roccia F, Bianchi FA, Zvattero E (2010) Surgical management of orbital trapdoor fracture in a pediatric population. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:1310\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2009.12.037","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.06.019","volume":"78","author":"P Scolozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scolozzi P, Bachelet JT, Courvoisier DS (2020) Are inferior rectus muscle displacement and the fracture\u2019s size associated with surgical repair decisions and clinical outcomes in patients with pure blowout orbital fracture? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 78:2280.e1-2280.e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2020.06.019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/s0901-5027(05)80260-7","volume":"20","author":"K De Man","year":"1991","unstructured":"De Man K, Wijngaarde R, Hes J (1991) Influence of age on the management of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 20:330\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0901-5027(05)80260-7","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1099_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1998.0382","volume":"37","author":"MR Cope","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cope MR, Moos KF, Speculand B (1999) Does diplopia persist after blow-out fractures of the orbital floor in children? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/bjom.1998.0382","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T22:09:10Z","timestamp":1701209350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01099-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is an observational study. The Research Ethics Committee of University of Study of Torino has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Fig.\u00a0\n                      \n                      .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}