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Motor vehicle collisions were the leading mechanism, doubling fracture risk (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 2.19\u20132.59), while proper restraint use reduced risk by 43% (odds ratio 0.572, 95% confidence interval 0.52\u20130.62). Falls were the predominant mechanism in younger children, whereas motor vehicle collisions, assault, and firearm-related injuries increased with age. Fracture patterns shifted developmentally: cranial vault fractures dominated in younger children, while cranial base, midface, mandibular, and dental fractures became prevalent in older populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings emphasize the need for age-specific prevention strategies, including improved restraint compliance and targeted injury mitigation programs, to reduce the burden of pediatric facial trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-025-01450-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T04:47:00Z","timestamp":1757998020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanism patterns and age variations in pediatric cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 5-year analysis of the national trauma data bank"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kirav","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yedeh","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Castro-Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318208ba30","volume":"22","author":"RA Roeder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roeder RA, Thaller S (2011) Unique features of the pediatric craniofacial anatomy. 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