{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:48:21Z","timestamp":1793346501621,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Maxillofac Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T02:58:55Z","timestamp":1766113135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early outcomes and risk factors in open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures in adults: a 15-Year multi-institutional analysis of 2,705 cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Alfertshofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Knoedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Koerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana C.","family":"Panayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Knoedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schaschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Oliver","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudius","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Heiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kauke-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601374","volume":"31","author":"BB Pickrell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pickrell BB, Serebrakian AT, Maricevich RS (2017) Mandible fractures. Semin Plast Surg 31(2):100\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1601374","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735818","volume":"35","author":"K Panesar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panesar K, Susarla SM (2021) Mandibular fractures: diagnosis and management. Semin Plast Surg 35(4):238\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1735818","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8853562","volume":"2020","author":"B Sobrinho Sangalette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sobrinho Sangalette B, Pavoni RF, da Silva Em\u00eddio T et al (2020) Treatment of complex mandibular body fractures and functional reimplantation of the maxillary alveolar fragment. Case Rep Surg 2020:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8853562","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2023.11.009","volume":"52","author":"H Zhuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuang H, Zhu B, Zhu L, You Y, Zhang J, Bu S (2024) Streamlining complex mandibular fracture treatment: integration of virtual surgical planning and short-segment drilling guides. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 52(4):397\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2023.11.009","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR5","unstructured":"NIH National Cancer Institute Mandible - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/mandible"},{"key":"1490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1152301","author":"AP Soares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soares AP, Fischer H, Aydin S, Steffen C, Schmidt-Bleek K, Rendenbach C (2023) Uncovering the unique characteristics of the mandible to improve clinical approaches to mandibular regeneration. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1152301","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"1490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1761450","volume":"17","author":"Amran Andra; Mulyawan Indra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amran Andra; Mulyawan Indra (2023) Prasetio Okky; Subagio Eko Wicaksono; Rahman Mohammad Zeshaan AJR. Quality of life evaluation of postsurgical mandibular fracture patients with oral health impact profile 14 and general oral health assessment index parameters. Eur J Dent 17(04):1309\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1761450","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_157_17","volume":"9","author":"A Karan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karan A, Kedarnath N, Reddy G et al (2019) Condylar fractures: surgical versus conservative management. Ann Maxillofac Surg 9(1):15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ams.ams_157_17","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389557","volume":"7","author":"CP Cornelius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cornelius CP, Audig\u00e9 L, Kunz C et al (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: mandible fractures- level 2 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 7(3):S15\u2013S30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389557","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875231179318","volume":"17","author":"C Steffen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steffen C, Welter M, Fischer H et al (2023) Revision surgery with refixation after mandibular fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 17(3):214\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19433875231179318","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721758","volume":"34","author":"D Perez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perez D, Ellis E (2020) Complications of mandibular fracture repair and secondary reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 34(4):225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1721758","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787e. 1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.12.003","volume":"75","author":"BJ Christensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Christensen BJ, Mercante DE, Neary JP, King BJ (2017) Risk factors for severe complications of operative mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 75(4):787e. 1-787.e8","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01096-5","volume":"27","author":"S Kent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kent S, Adatia A, James P et al (2023) Risk factors associated with short-term complications in mandibular fractures: the MANTRA study\u2014a maxillofacial trainee research collaborative (MTReC). Oral Maxillofac Surg 27(4):609\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01096-5","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181811a3c","volume":"122","author":"M Czerwinski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Czerwinski M, Parker WL, Correa JA, Williams HB (2008) Effect of treatment delay on mandibular fracture infection rate. Plast Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181811a3c","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041444","author":"S Knoedler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knoedler S, Baecher H, Hoch CC et al (2023) Early outcomes and risk factors in orthognathic surgery for mandibular and maxillary hypo- and hyperplasia: a 13-year analysis of a multi-institutional database. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041444","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.09.067","volume":"101","author":"L Knoedler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Hoch CC et al (2025) Risk factors and outcomes after surgery for malignant neoplasm of the Parotid gland: an ACS-NSQIP study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 101:264\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.09.067","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1131293","author":"S Knoedler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knoedler S, Matar DY, Knoedler L et al (2023) Association of age with perioperative morbidity among patients undergoing surgical management of minor burns. Front Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1131293","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/834364","volume":"2012","author":"SS Natu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Natu SS, Pradhan H, Gupta H et al (2012) An epidemiological study on pattern and incidence of mandibular fractures. Plast Surg Int 2012:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/834364","journal-title":"Plast Surg Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1836","volume":"21","author":"T yen Hsieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"yen Hsieh T, Funamura JL, Dedhia R, Durbin-Johnson B, Dunbar C, Tollefson TT (2019) Risk factors associated with complications after treatment of mandible fractures. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 21(3):213\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1836","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR20","unstructured":"Schwartz A, Park J, Durham D, et al ( 2023) Characteristics and complication rates of mandibular fractures caused by violent mechanisms versus nonviolent mechanisms. Eplasty 23:e59"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2012.05.002","volume":"20","author":"E Ellis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellis E, Kellman RM, Vural E (2012) Subcondylar fractures. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 20(3):365\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsc.2012.05.002","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.09.023","volume":"41","author":"L Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang L, Patil PM (2012) The retromandibular transparotid approach to mandibular subcondylar fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41(4):494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.09.023","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2018.44.2.73","volume":"44","author":"J Van Hevele","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Hevele J, Nout E (2018) Complications of the retromandibular transparotid approach for low condylar neck and subcondylar fractures: a retrospective study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 44(2):73\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5125\/jkaoms.2018.44.2.73","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880160049008","volume":"119","author":"CJ MacArthur","year":"1993","unstructured":"MacArthur CJ, Donald PJ, Knowles J, Moore HC (1993) Open reduction-fixation of mandibular subcondylar fractures: a review. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119(4):403\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880160049008","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330880107","volume":"88","author":"TWP Korioth","year":"1992","unstructured":"Korioth TWP, Romilly DP, Hannam AG (1992) Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of the dentate human mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 88(1):69\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330880107","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90577-2","volume":"55","author":"W Schubert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schubert W, Kobienia BJ, Pollock RA (1997) Cross-sectional area of the mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55(7):689\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90577-2","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(82)80011-6","volume":"40","author":"RA Olson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Olson RA, Fonseca RJ, Zeitler DL, Osbon DB (1982) Fractures of the mandible: a review of 580 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40(1):23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-2391(82)80011-6","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.01.001","volume":"73","author":"C Morris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morris C, Bebeau NP, Brockhoff H, Tandon R, Tiwana P (2015) Mandibular fractures: an analysis of the epidemiology and patterns of injury in 4,143 fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73(5):951.e1-951.e12","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1490_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.069","volume":"67","author":"G Gerbino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gerbino G, Boffano P, Bosco GF (2009) Symphyseal mandibular fractures associated with bicondylar fractures: a retrospective analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(8):1656\u20131660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.069","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00147-2","volume":"61","author":"J Lamphier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lamphier J, Ziccardi V, Ruvo A, Janel M (2003) Complications of mandibular fractures in an urban teaching center. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61(7):745\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00147-2","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.060329","volume":"115","author":"H Fukase","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukase H (2007) Functional significance of bone distribution in the human mandibular symphysis. Anthropol Sci 115(1):55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1537\/ase.060329","journal-title":"Anthropol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110010101","volume":"11","author":"TM van Eijden","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Eijden TM (2000) Biomechanics of the mandible. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 11(1):123\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10454411000110010101","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"1490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.029","volume":"42","author":"Q Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song Q, Li S, Patil PM (2014) Inferior alveolar and mental nerve injuries associated with open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures: a seven year retrospective study. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 42(7):1378\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.029","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1313353","volume":"5","author":"MS Yeo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yeo MS, Goh TLH, Nallathamby V, Cheong EC, Lim TC (2012) Maxillary artery injury associated with subcondylar mandible fractures: a novel treatment algorithm. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 5(2):83\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1313353","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001630","volume":"136","author":"NM Vranis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vranis NM, Mundinger GS, Bellamy JL et al (2015) Extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures are associated with severe blunt internal carotid artery injury: analysis of 605 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001630","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.019","volume":"63","author":"IIIE Ellis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ellis IIIE, Throckmorton GS (2005) Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63(1):115\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2019.08.006","volume":"23","author":"S Shakya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shakya S, Zhang X, Liu L (2020) Key points in surgical management of mandibular condylar fractures. Chin J Traumatol 23(2):63\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjtee.2019.08.006","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.12.016","volume":"81","author":"M Certa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Certa M, Chapple AG, Khalifa A, Christensen BJ (2023) Does a short period of maxillomandibular fixation decrease complications in open reduction internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 81(4):406\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2022.12.016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.51846\/jucmd.v4i2.3965","volume":"4","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Aqib, Sohail (2025) Fareed Ud Din Ahmad Chishti, Ali Ammar Hasan, Muhammad Abubakr Bin Nauman, Muneeba Shoaib. Frequency of postoperative maxillomandibular fixation following open reduction and internal fixation in maxillofacial fractures: postoperative maxillomandibular fixation in facial fractures. J Univ Coll Med Dentistry 4(2):173\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51846\/jucmd.v4i2.3965","journal-title":"J Univ Coll Med Dentistry"},{"issue":"04","key":"1490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269765","volume":"24","author":"J Koshy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koshy J, Feldman E, Chike-Obi C, Bullocks J (2010) Pearls of mandibular trauma management. Semin Plast Surg 24(04):357\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1269765","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E117","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181e80dab","volume":"70","author":"L Ma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma L, Sham MH, Zheng LW, Cheung LK (2011) Influence of low-dose nicotine on bone healing. J Trauma-Inj Infect Crit Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181e80dab","journal-title":"J Trauma-Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0344.R1","volume":"8","author":"J Hernigou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernigou J, Schuind F (2019) Tobacco and bone fractures. Bone Joint Res 8(6):255\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0344.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4175","volume":"36","author":"Z Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Z, Li J, Li B et al (2021) Smoking alters inflammation and skeletal stem and progenitor cell activity during fracture healing in different murine strains. J Bone Miner Res 36(1):186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4175","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13887","volume":"20","author":"YH Fan Chiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Chiang YH, Lee YW, Lam F, Liao CC, Chang CC, Lin CS (2023) Smoking increases the risk of postoperative wound complications: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Int Wound J 20(2):391\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.13887","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1490_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247371","author":"S Knoedler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knoedler S, Knoedler L, Baecher H et al (2022) 30-day postoperative outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing upper airway surgery. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11247371","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1490_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04203-x","author":"S Knoedler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Knoedler S, Knoedler L, Boroumand S et al (2024) Surgical management of breast capsular contracture\u2014a multi-institutional data analysis of risk factors for early complications. Aesthet Surg J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04203-x","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac320","volume":"43","author":"S Knoedler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knoedler S, Kauke-Navarro M, Haug V et al (2023) Perioperative outcomes and risk profile of 4730 cosmetic breast surgery cases in academic institutions: an ACS-NSQIP analysis. Aesthet Surg J 43(4):433\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjac320","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"1490_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_306_21","author":"S Rawat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rawat S, Vishwakarma K, Shukla B, Kumar R (2022) Comprehensive facial injury (CFI) score as a predictor of surgical time, length of hospital stay, and head injury? Our experience at level I trauma center. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_306_21","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1490_CR49","unstructured":"Spiessl B, Schroll K (1972) Spezielle Frakturen- und Luxationslehre Bd. 1. 1. Gesichtssch\u00e4del, vol 9783133813013. Thieme"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25405","volume":"126","author":"WD Hsueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsueh WD, Schechter CB, Tien Shaw I, Stupak HD (2016) Comparison of intraoral and extraoral approaches to mandibular angle fracture repair with cost implications. Laryngoscope 126(3):591\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25405","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1766156654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-025-01490-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"IRB Protocol ID: 2000035387, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval\/i<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->nformed consent"}},{"value":"This study utilized data obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, which contains de-identified patient information and does not include any identifiable private health data. As such, this study was classified as non-human subject research and received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval under protocol ID 2000035387 at Yale School of Medicine. Due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data, the requirement for individual patient consent was waived by the IRB in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial disclosures.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial disclosure statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"7"}}