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Inclusion criteria were age\u2009\u2265\u200918 years, segmental mandibular resection, and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Patients were divided into two groups: model-assisted conventional reconstruction (Group A) and CAD\/CAM-assisted reconstruction with VSP (Group B). Demographic, pathological, and surgical variables were collected. Morphological and functional outcomes were assessed using validated instruments including the Katsuragi Scale, FACE-Q Aesthetics, EORTC QLQ-H&amp;N43, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and Speech Handicap Index (SHI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-two patients were included (11 in Group A, 21 in Group B). CAD\/CAM-assisted reconstruction showed significantly better aesthetic outcomes according to both patient and surgeon evaluations with Katsuragi Scale (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001). FACE-Q Satisfaction with Surgical Outcome scores were significantly higher in Group B (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Patients treated with CAD\/CAM also reported significantly fewer self-reported speech-related disturbances according to the SHI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Other functional measures showed favourable trends for CAD\/CAM reconstruction but did not reach statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAD\/CAM-assisted reconstruction was associated with improved aesthetic outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and better speech-related function compared with conventional techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital surgical planning may improve the precision and predictability of mandibular reconstruction and was associated with better patient-reported outcomes, particularly in speech-related function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-026-01630-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T02:40:20Z","timestamp":1787712020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mandibular reconstruction with fibula free flap: a comparative analysis of clinical outcomes of CAD\/CAM-assisted surgery versus model-assisted conventional technique"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Giraudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylenia","family":"Gugliotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Secco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Novaresio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fasolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ramieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006280","volume":"31","author":"IM Elsharabasy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elsharabasy IM, Elhafez HAEA, Ahmed SAE, Ayad WM (2020) Evaluation of the accuracy of three-dimensional virtual surgical planning for reconstruction of mandibular defects using free fibular flap. 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