{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:11:42Z","timestamp":1768986702021,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Tumor Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T07:44:05Z","timestamp":1754984645000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How is rosette formation in brain tumours linked with cerebrospinal fluid spread?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin","family":"Kumaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyoumars","family":"Ashkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald C.","family":"Macarthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"512_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2295-9","volume":"42","author":"LL Hayes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayes LL, Jones RA, Palasis S, Aguilera D, Porter DA (2012) Drop metastases to the pediatric spine revealed with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Pediatr Radiol 42:1009\u20131013","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.11.PEDS18506","volume":"23","author":"DW Fults","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fults DW, Taylor MD, Garzia L (2019) Leptomeningeal dissemination: a sinister pattern of medulloblastoma growth. J Neurosurg Pediatr 23(5):613\u2013621","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-022-05702-5","volume":"39","author":"AJ Rodrigues","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodrigues AJ, Medress ZA, Sayadi J, Bhambhvani H, Falkson SR, Jokhai R, Han SS, Hong DS (2023) Predictors of spine metastases at initial presentation of pediatric brain tumor patients: a single-institution study. Childs Nerv Syst 39(3):603\u2013608","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13340","volume":"35","author":"M Salimian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salimian M, Viaene AN, Chiang J, Ho CY (2024) CSF cytology of common primary CNS neoplasms categorized by CNS WHO 2021. Cytopathology 35(5):608\u2013615","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.PEDS17456","volume":"21","author":"MA Kirkman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kirkman MA, Hayward R, Phipps K, Aquilina K (2018) Surgical decision-making in the management of childhood tumors of the CNS disseminated at presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 21(6):563\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.1.PEDS17456","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3871-1","volume":"34","author":"MA Kirkman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kirkman MA, Hayward R, Phipps K, Aquilina K (2018) Outcomes in children with central nervous system tumors disseminated at presentation: a large single-center experience. Childs Nerv Syst 34(11):2259\u20132267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-018-3871-1","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"512_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e921","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0489","volume":"24","author":"M Benesch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benesch M, Mynarek M, Witt H, Warmuth-Metz M, Pietsch T, Bison B, Pfister SM, Pajtler KW, Kool M, Sch\u00fcller U, Pietschmann K, Juhnke BO, Tippelt S, Fleischhack G, Schmid I, Kramm CM, Vorwerk P, Beilken A, Classen CF, Hern\u00e1iz Driever P, Kropshofer G, Imschweiler T, Lemmer A, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, von Hoff K (2019) Newly diagnosed metastatic intracranial ependymoma in children: frequency, molecular characteristics, treatment, and outcome in the prospective HIT series. Oncologist 24(9):e921\u2013e929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0489","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"512_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383656","volume":"13","author":"RI Ernestus","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ernestus RI, Wilcke O (1990) Spinal metastases of intracranial ependymomas. Four case reports and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev 13:147\u2013154","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699745925","volume":"11","author":"R Ernestus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ernestus R, Schr\u00f6der H, St\u00fctzer N, Klug RI (1997) The clinical and prognostic relevance of grading in intracranial ependymomas. British J Neurosurg 11(5):421\u2013428","journal-title":"British J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab352","volume":"145","author":"K Akeret","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akeret K, Vasella F, Staartjes VE, Velz J, M\u00fcller T, Neidert MC, Weller M, Regli L, Serra C, Krayenb\u00fchl N (2022) Anatomical phenotyping and staging of brain tumours. Brain 145(3):1162\u20131176","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"512_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, Hawkins C, Ng HK, Pfister SM, Reifenberger G, Soffietti R (2021) The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol 23(8):1231\u20131251","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"512_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab120","volume":"23","author":"PY Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen PY, Packer RJ (2021) The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: clinical implications. Neuro-oncol 23(8):1215\u20131217","journal-title":"Neuro-oncol"},{"key":"512_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1063937","volume":"13","author":"CS Hill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hill CS, Pandit AS (2023) Moving towards a unified classification of glioblastomas utilizing artificial intelligence and deep machine learning integration. Front Oncol 13:1063937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1063937","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"7697","key":"512_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26000","volume":"555","author":"D Capper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capper D, Jones DT, Sill M, Hovestadt V, Schrimpf D, Sturm D, Koelsche C, Sahm F, Chavez L, Reuss DE, Kratz A (2018) DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours. Nature 555(7697):469\u2013474","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"512_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.09.012","volume":"40","author":"J Lipkova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lipkova J, Chen RJ, Chen B, Lu MY, Barbieri M, Shao D, Vaidya AJ, Chen C, Zhuang L, Williamson DF, Shaban M (2022) Artificial intelligence for multimodal data integration in oncology. Cancer Cell 40(10):1095\u20131110","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01343-4","volume":"27","author":"J Van der Laak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van der Laak J, Litjens G, Ciompi F (2021) Deep learning in histopathology: the path to the clinic. Nat Med 27(5):775\u2013784","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"512_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802395-2.00032-8","volume":"145","author":"M Bienkowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bienkowski M, Furtner J, Hainfellner JA (2018) Clinical neuropathology of brain tumors. Handb Clin Neurol 145:477\u2013534","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"512_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858241269877","author":"DR Rissi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rissi DR, Miller AD (2024) Rosettes and pseudorosettes in veterinary neuropathology. Vet Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858241269877","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"512_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20926","volume":"103","author":"MC Chamberlain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chamberlain MC, Glantz MJ (2005) Cerebrospinal fluid-disseminated meningioma. Cancer 103(7):1427\u20131430","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1763","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0258","volume":"25","author":"C Birzu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birzu C, Tran S, Bielle F, Touat M, Mokhtari K, Younan N, Psimaras D, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Idbaih A (2020) Leptomeningeal spread in glioblastoma: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Oncologist 25(11):e1763\u2013e1776","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"512_CR21","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Radiation oncology for pediatric CNS tumors","author":"EG Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Rubiano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Rubiano EG, Hicklen RS, Rivera-Osorio L, Johnson JM (2017) Imaging of pediatric central nervous system tumors. Radiation oncology for pediatric CNS tumors. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 55\u201370"},{"key":"512_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101098","volume":"59","author":"P Power","year":"2025","unstructured":"Power P, Straehla JP, Fangusaro J, Bandopadhayay P, Manoharan N (2025) Pediatric neuro-oncology: highlights of the last quarter-century. Neoplasia 59:101098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101098","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"issue":"10","key":"512_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2781-8","volume":"31","author":"CT Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin CT, Riva-Cambrin JK (2015) Management of posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus in children: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 31(10):1781\u20131789","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20075","volume":"100","author":"A Korshunov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Korshunov A, Golanov A, Sycheva R, Timirgaz V (2004) The histologic grade is a main prognostic factor for patients with intracranial ependymomas treated in the microneurosurgical era: an analysis of 258 patients. Cancer 100(6):1230\u20131237","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"512_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-017-0496-7","volume":"18","author":"H Leeper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leeper H, Felicella MM, Walbert T (2017) Recent advances in the classification and treatment of ependymomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol 18:1\u20133","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13068","volume":"32","author":"C Kresbach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kresbach C, Neyazi S, Sch\u00fcller U (2022) Updates in the classification of ependymal neoplasms: the 2021 WHO classification and beyond. Brain Pathol 32(4):e13068","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"10020","key":"512_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60694-8","volume":"387","author":"KT Kahle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD, Warf BC (2016) Hydrocephalus in children. Lancet 387(10020):788\u2013799","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"512_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04316-4","author":"MC Dewan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dewan MC, Isaacs AM, Cools MJ, Yengo-Kahn A, Naftel RP, Jensen H, Reeder RW, Holubkov R, Haizel-Cobbina J, Riva-Cambrin J, Jafrani RJ (2023) Treatment of hydrocephalus following posterior fossa tumor resection: a multicenter collaboration from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network. J Neuro-Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-023-04316-4","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR29","first-page":"488","volume":"27","author":"F Wippold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wippold F, Perry A (2006) Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes. Am J Neuroradio 27(3):488\u2013492","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradio"},{"key":"512_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2659-3_24","volume-title":"Evidence based practice in neuro-oncology","author":"P Giridhar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giridhar P, Nambirajan A, Benson R (2021) Ependymoma. Evidence based practice in neuro-oncology. Springer, pp 283\u2013286"},{"issue":"37","key":"512_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706942114","volume":"114","author":"KE Holter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holter KE, Kehlet B, Devor A, Sejnowski TJ, Dale AM, Omholt SW, Ottersen OP, Nagelhus EA, Mardal KA, Pettersen KH (2017) Interstitial solute transport in 3D reconstructed neuropil occurs by diffusion rather than bulk flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(37):9894\u20139899","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"512_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.614636","volume":"12","author":"LM Fahmy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fahmy LM, Chen Y, Xuan S, Haacke EM, Hu J, Jiang Q (2021) All central nervous system neuro- and vascular-communication channels are surrounded with cerebrospinal fluid. Front Neurol 12:614636","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"512_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1134091","volume":"11","author":"M Miotto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miotto M, Rosito M, Paoluzzi M, de Turris V, Folli V, Leonetti M, Ruocco G, Rosa A, Gosti G (2023) Collective behavior and self-organization in neural rosette morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 11:1134091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1134091","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"512_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boman BM, Dinh TN, Decker K, Emerick B, Modarai S, Opdenaker L, Fields JZ, Raymond C, Schleiniger G. Beyond the genetic code: a tissue code?. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2023 :2023.03.05.531161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.03.05.531161. PMID: 36945600; PMCID: PMC10028806.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.05.531161"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-023-00639-1","volume":"11","author":"IG Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves IG, Garc\u00eda-Aznar JM (2023) Neurorosettes: a novel computational modelling framework to investigate the Homer-Wright rosette formation in neuroblastoma. Comput Part Mech 11(2):565\u2013577","journal-title":"Comput Part Mech"},{"issue":"13","key":"512_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.101444","volume":"141","author":"MJ Harding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harding MJ, McGraw HF, Nechiporuk A (2014) The roles and regulation of multicellular rosette structures during morphogenesis. Development 141(13):2549\u20132558","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.09.007","volume":"11","author":"JT Blankenship","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blankenship JT, Backovic ST, Sanny JS, Weitz O, Zallen JA (2006) Multicellular rosette formation links planar cell polarity to tissue morphogenesis. Dev Cell 11(4):459\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.09.007","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.17517","volume":"45","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Ashkan K (2025) Glymphatic insights in glioblastoma. Anticancer Res 45(3):1301\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/anticanres.17517","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-051217-111018","volume":"13","author":"BA Plog","year":"2018","unstructured":"Plog BA, Nedergaard M (2018) The glymphatic system in central nervous system health and disease: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Pathol 13(1):379\u2013394","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"512_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01977-4","author":"BA Plog","year":"2025","unstructured":"Plog BA, Kim K, Verhaege D, Kim MW, Papadopoulos Z, Dikranian K, Dykstra T, Cao J, Perrin RJ, Schwetye KE, Kipnis J, Drieu A (2025) A route for cerebrospinal fluid flow through leptomeningeal arterial-venous overlaps enables macromolecule and fluid shunting. Nat Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-025-01977-4","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","volume":"17","author":"MK Rasmussen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasmussen MK, Mestre H, Nedergaard M (2018) The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 17(11):1016\u20131024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"512_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.04.003","volume":"43","author":"H Mestre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mestre H, Mori Y, Nedergaard M (2020) The brain\u2019s glymphatic system: current controversies. Trends Neurosci 43(7):458\u2013466","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"512_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1581-6","volume":"40","author":"NA Jessen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jessen NA, Munk AS, Lundgaard I, Nedergaard M (2015) The glymphatic system: a beginner\u2019s guide. Neurochem Res 40:2583\u20132599","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"37","key":"512_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7698","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0619-21.2021","volume":"41","author":"LM Hablitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hablitz LM, Nedergaard M (2021) The glymphatic system: a novel component of fundamental neurobiology. J Neurosci 41(37):7698\u20137711","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"512_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7491","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147491","volume":"22","author":"FL Mogensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mogensen FL, Delle C, Nedergaard M (2021) The glymphatic system (en) during inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 22(14):7491","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10686-4","volume":"269","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Gruener AM, Dow GR, Smith SJ, Macarthur DC, Ingale HA (2022) An explanation for Terson syndrome at last: the glymphatic reflux theory. J Neurol 269(3):1264\u20131271","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1524847","volume":"36","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Chan HW, Goldspring RJ, Paine SML, Dow GR (2022) Isolated myxopapillary ependymoma of the fourth ventricle: case report and review of literature. Br J Neurosurg 36(2):284\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2018.1524847","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"512_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0150","author":"M Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao M, Liu Z, Zang H, Wu X, Yan Y, Lin H, Yuan J, Liu T, Zhou Y, Liu J (2024) A histopathologic correlation study evaluating glymphatic function in brain tumors by multi-parametric MRI. Clin Cancer Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0150","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-023-00628-w","volume":"23","author":"J Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur J, Ding G, Zhang L, Lu Y, Luo H, Li L, Boyd E, Li Q, Wei M, Zhang Z, Chopp M, Jiang Q (2023) Imaging glymphatic response to glioblastoma. Cancer Imaging 23(1):107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40644-023-00628-w","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-021-00414-1","volume":"38","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumaria A (2021) Insights in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a role for glymphatics? Brain Tumor Pathol 38(4):290\u2013291","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5455\/jihp.20160623053540.PMID:27917302;PMCID:PMC5132180","volume":"4","author":"CS Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong CS, Ho W, Piazza MG, Ray-Chaudhury A, Zhuang Z, Heiss JD (2016) Characterization of the blood brain barrier in pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. J Interdiscip Histopathol 4(2):29\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/jihp.20160623053540.PMID:27917302;PMCID:PMC5132180","journal-title":"J Interdiscip Histopathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"512_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou261.15.PMCID:PMC4218299","volume":"16","author":"B Pollo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollo B, Mazzetti S, Patan\u00e8 M, Calatozzolo C, Di Meco F, Silvani A (2014) ME-16: is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) involved in adult human medulloblastoma dissemination or in a beneficial barrier formation? Neuro Oncol 16(Suppl 5):v123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nou261.15.PMCID:PMC4218299","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00058.x","volume":"17","author":"CS McManamy","year":"2007","unstructured":"McManamy CS, Pears J, Weston CL, Hanzely Z, Ironside JW, Taylor RE, Grundy RG, Clifford SC, Ellison DW, Clinical Brain Tumour Group (2007) Nodule formation and desmoplasia in medulloblastomas-defining the nodular\/desmoplastic variant and its biological behavior. Brain Pathol 17(2):151\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00058.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12837","volume":"30","author":"BA Orr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orr BA (2020) Pathology, diagnostics, and classification of medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol 30(3):664\u2013678","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"512_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071029","volume":"17","author":"R Maugeri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maugeri R, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Fricano A, Iacopino DG, Di Liegro I (2016) Aquaporins and brain tumors. Int J Mol Sci 17(7):1029","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131367","volume":"10","author":"S Noell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noell S, Fallier-Becker P, Mack AF, Hoffmeister M, Beschorner R, Ritz R (2015) Water channels aquaporin 4 and-1 expression in subependymoma depends on the localization of the tumors. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0131367","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"512_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.845622","volume":"10","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Z, Jiao S, Zhao D, Zou Q, Xu L, Zhang L, Su X (2022) The characterization of structure and prediction for aquaporin in tumour progression by machine learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:845622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.845622","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"512_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.07.006","volume":"317","author":"B Nico","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nico B, Ribatti D (2011) Role of aquaporins in cell migration and edema formation in human brain tumors. Exp Cell Res 317(17):2391\u20132396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.07.006","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.02.005","volume":"294","author":"B Nico","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nico B, Ribatti D (2010) Aquaporins in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 294(2):135\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.02.005","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx314","volume":"82","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Nakamura Y, Yamada K, Kurabe S, Okamoto K, Aoki H, Kitaura H, Kakita A, Fujii Y, Huber VJ, Igarashi H (2018) Aquaporin positron emission tomography differentiates between grade III and IV human astrocytoma. Neurosurgery 82(6):842\u2013846","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"512_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0923-6_12","volume":"113","author":"AS Filippidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Filippidis AS, Kalani MY, Rekate HL (2012) Hydrocephalus and aquaporins: the role of aquaporin-4. Acta Neurochir Suppl 113:55\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-0923-6_12. (PMID: 22116424)","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"512_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106035","volume":"179","author":"S Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng S, Liu J, Liang C, Yang L, Wang G (2023) Aquaporin-4 in glymphatic system, and its implication for central nervous system disorders. Neurobiol Dis 179:106035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106035","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"512_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2006.105.6.457","volume":"105","author":"JP McAllister 2nd","year":"2006","unstructured":"McAllister JP 2nd, Miller JM (2006) Aquaporin 4 and hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 105(6 Suppl):457\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/ped.2006.105.6.457. (PMID: 17184077)","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"512_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy026","volume":"20","author":"FS Saadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saadeh FS, Melamed EF, Rea ND, Krieger MD (2018) Seizure outcomes of supratentorial brain tumor resection in pediatric patients. Neuro Oncol 20(9):1272\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noy026","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.262.PMID:11796780;PMCID:PMC1737753","volume":"72","author":"S Saadoun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saadoun S, Papadopoulos MC, Davies DC, Krishna S, Bell BA (2002) Aquaporin-4 expression is increased in oedematous human brain tumours. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72(2):262\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.262.PMID:11796780;PMCID:PMC1737753","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112342","volume":"18","author":"M Diksin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diksin M, Smith SJ, Rahman R (2017) The molecular and phenotypic basis of the glioma invasive perivascular niche. Int J Mol Sci 18(11):2342","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020443","volume":"14","author":"F Seker-Polat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seker-Polat F, Pinarbasi Degirmenci N, Solaroglu I, Bagci-Onder T (2022) Tumor cell infiltration into the brain in glioblastoma: from mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 14(2):443","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-023-05953-w","volume":"39","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Macarthur DC, Kirkman MA (2023) Periventricular lucency in hydrocephalus: a glymphatic viewpoint. Childs Nerv Syst 39(5):1113\u20131114","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"512_CR69","first-page":"48","volume":"53","author":"JR Madsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Madsen JR, Egnor M, Zou R (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility and hydrocephalus: the fourth circulation. Clin Neurosurg 53:48","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"issue":"42","key":"512_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2407246121","volume":"121","author":"EA Yamamoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamamoto EA, Bagley JH, Geltzeiler M, Sanusi OR, Dogan A, Liu JJ, Piantino J (2024) The perivascular space is a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid flow in humans: a proof-of-principle report. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121(42):e2407246121","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"512_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1461604","volume":"18","author":"D Matias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matias D, Garcez PP, Florindo H, Gra\u00e7a L, Dubois LG (2024) Editorial: gateways to the brain: vascular-glial-immune network in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 18:1461604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1461604","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12789","volume":"48","author":"O Cousins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cousins O, Hodges A, Schubert J, Veronese M, Turkheimer F, Miyan J, Engelhardt B, Roncaroli F (2022) The blood\u2013CSF\u2013brain route of neurological disease: the indirect pathway into the brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 48(4):e12789","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.038","volume":"172","author":"L Garzia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garzia L, Kijima N, Morrissy AS, De Antonellis P, Guerreiro-Stucklin A, Holgado BL, Wu X, Wang X, Parsons M, Zayne K, Manno A (2018) A hematogenous route for medulloblastoma leptomeningeal metastases. Cell 172(5):1050\u20131062","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2018.0044","volume":"61","author":"JT Rutka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rutka JT (2018) Malignant brain tumours in children: present and future perspectives. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 61(3):402","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.07.007","volume":"20","author":"H Witt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Witt H, Mack SC, Ryzhova M, Bender S, Sill M, Isserlin R, Benner A, Hielscher T, Milde T, Remke M, Jones DT, Northcott PA, Garzia L, Bertrand KC, Wittmann A, Yao Y, Roberts SS, Massimi L, Van Meter T, Weiss WA, Gupta N, Grajkowska W, Lach B, Cho YJ, von Deimling A, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Bader GD, Hawkins CE, Tabori U, Guha A, Rutka JT, Lichter P, Korshunov A, Taylor MD, Pfister SM (2011) Delineation of two clinically and molecularly distinct subgroups of posterior fossa ependymoma. Cancer Cell 20(2):143\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.07.007","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000562","volume":"30","author":"AS Guerreiro Stucklin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guerreiro Stucklin AS, Ramaswamy V, Daniels C, Taylor MD (2018) Review of molecular classification and treatment implications of pediatric brain tumors. Curr Opin Pediatr 30(1):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000562","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"512_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1181211","volume":"11","author":"W Mu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu W, Dahmoush H (2023) Classification and neuroimaging of ependymal tumors. Front Pediatr 11:1181211","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"7489","key":"512_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13108","volume":"506","author":"SC Mack","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mack SC, Witt H, Piro RM, Gu L, Zuyderduyn S, St\u00fctz AM, Wang X, Gallo M, Garzia L, Zayne K, Zhang X, Ramaswamy V, J\u00e4ger N, Jones DT, Sill M, Pugh TJ, Ryzhova M, Wani KM, Shih DJ, Head R, Remke M, Bailey SD, Zichner T, Faria CC, Barszczyk M, Stark S, Seker-Cin H, Hutter S, Johann P, Bender S, Hovestadt V, Tzaridis T, Dubuc AM, Northcott PA, Peacock J, Bertrand KC, Agnihotri S, Cavalli FM, Clarke I, Nethery-Brokx K, Creasy CL, Verma SK, Koster J, Wu X, Yao Y, Milde T, Sin-Chan P, Zuccaro J, Lau L, Pereira S, Castelo-Branco P, Hirst M, Marra MA, Roberts SS, Fults D, Massimi L, Cho YJ, Van Meter T, Grajkowska W, Lach B, Kulozik AE, von Deimling A, Witt O, Scherer SW, Fan X, Muraszko KM, Kool M, Pomeroy SL, Gupta N, Phillips J, Huang A, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Malkin D, Kongkham PN, Weiss WA, Jabado N, Rutka JT, Bouffet E, Korbel JO, Lupien M, Aldape KD, Bader GD, Eils R, Lichter P, Dirks PB, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Taylor MD (2014) Epigenomic alterations define lethal CIMP-positive ependymomas of infancy. Nature 506(7489):445\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13108","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000265","volume":"101","author":"N Kawano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kawano N, Yagishita S, Oka H, Utsuki S, Kobayashi I, Suzuki S, Tachibana S, Fujii K (2001) Spinal tanycytic ependymomas. Acta Neuropathol 101(1):43\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004010000265","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09430","volume":"13","author":"HH Engelhard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engelhard HH, Villano JL, Porter KR, Stewart AK, Barua M, Barker FG, Newton HB (2010) Clinical presentation, histology, and treatment in 430 patients with primary tumors of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, or cauda equina. J Neurosurg Spine 13(1):67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09430","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"512_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mack SC, Pajtler KW, Chavez L et al (2018) Therapeutic targeting of ependymoma as informed by oncogenic enhancer profiling. Nature 553(7686):101\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25169","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25169"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.5858\/1999-123-0306-S","volume":"123","author":"RA Prayson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prayson RA, Suh JH (1999) Subependymomas: clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors, including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 123(4):306\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/1999-123-0306-S. (PMID: 10320142)","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12050","volume":"23","author":"A Raghunathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raghunathan A, Wani K, Armstrong TS, Vera-Bolanos E, Fouladi M, Gilbertson R, Gajjar A, Goldman S, Lehman NL, Metellus P, Mikkelsen T (2013) Histological predictors of outcome in ependymoma are dependent on anatomic site within the central nervous system. Brain Pathol 23(5):584\u2013594","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16167-y","volume":"11","author":"N Eder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eder N, Roncaroli F, Domart MC, Horswell S, Andreiuolo F, Flynn HR, Lopes AT, Claxton S, Kilday JP, Collinson L, Mao JH (2020) YAP1\/TAZ drives ependymoma-like tumour formation in mice. Nat Commun 11(1):2380","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12659","volume":"29","author":"F Andreiuolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andreiuolo F, Varlet P, Tauzi\u00e8de-Espariat A, J\u00fcnger ST, D\u00f6rner E, Dreschmann V, Kuchelmeister K, Waha A, Haberler C, Slavc I, Corbacioglu S (2019) Childhood supratentorial ependymomas with YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion: an entity with characteristic clinical, radiological, cytogenetic and histopathological features. Brain Pathol 29(2):205\u2013216","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"512_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2659-3_4","volume-title":"Evidence based practice in Neuro-oncology","author":"A Nambirajan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nambirajan A, Sharma A, Sharma MC (2021) Pathology and molecular pathology of ependymoma. Evidence based practice in Neuro-oncology. Springer, pp 57\u201366"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197803000-00001","volume":"37","author":"RL Friede","year":"1978","unstructured":"Friede RL, Pollak A (1978) The cytogenetic basis for classifying ependymomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 37(2):103\u2013118","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3468","volume":"14","author":"MC Papadopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2013) Aquaporin water channels in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 14(4):265\u2013277","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"512_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0624-y","volume":"119","author":"MR Del Bigio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Del Bigio MR (2010) Ependymal cells: biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol 119:55\u201373","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"7409","key":"512_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11327","volume":"488","author":"PA Northcott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Northcott PA, Shih DJ, Peacock J, Garzia L, Morrissy SA, Zichner T, St\u00fctz AM, Korshunov A, Reimand J, Schumacher SE, Beroukhim R (2012) Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes. Nature 488(7409):49\u201356","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S287","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200009001-00029","volume":"47","author":"AL Rhoton Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rhoton AL Jr (2000) The posterior fossa cisterns. Neurosurgery 47(3):S287\u2013S297","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2011.03.002","volume":"128","author":"L Sakka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sakka L, Coll G, Chazal J (2011) Anatomy and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 128(6):309\u2013316","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24225","volume":"60","author":"M Massimino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massimino M, Antonelli M, Gandola L, Miceli R, Pollo B, Biassoni V, Schiavello E, Buttarelli FR, Spreafico F, Collini P, Giangaspero F (2013) Histological variants of medulloblastoma are the most powerful clinical prognostic indicators. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60(2):210\u2013216","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2350\/07-09-0353.1","volume":"11","author":"S Verma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verma S, Tavar\u00e9 CJ, Gilles FH (2008) Histologic features and prognosis in pediatric medulloblastoma. Pediatr Dev Pathol 11(5):337\u2013343","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"512_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.10.857","volume":"59","author":"HG Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown HG, Kepner JL, Perlman EJ, Friedman HS, Strother DR, Duffner PK, Kun LE, Goldthwaite PT, Burger PC (2000) \u201cLarge cell\/anaplastic\u201d medulloblastomas: a pediatric oncology group study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59(10):857\u2013865","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.0971","volume":"91","author":"F Giangaspero","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giangaspero F, Perilongo G, Fondelli MP, Brisigotti M, Carollo C, Burnelli R, Burger PC, Garr\u00e8 ML (1999) Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity: a variant with favorable prognosis. J Neurosurg 91(6):971\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.0971","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"512_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S349035","volume":"14","author":"N Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li N, Wang YZ, Huang DS, Zhang Y, Zhang WL, Ma JM, Zhou Y, Liu TT (2022) Clinical analysis of 16 distant metastatic retinoblastoma cases with event-free survival. Cancer Manag Res 14:367\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CMAR.S349035","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"512_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.03.039","volume":"113","author":"K G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz K, M\u00fcft\u00fcoglu O, G\u00fcnalp I, \u00dcnal E, Ta\u00e7y\u0131ld\u0131z N (2006) Metastatic retinoblastoma: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Ophthalmology 113(9):1558\u20131566","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9824","key":"512_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61137-9","volume":"379","author":"H Dimaras","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dimaras H, Kimani K, Dimba EA, Gronsdahl P, White A, Chan HS, Gallie BL (2012) Retinoblastoma. Lancet 379(9824):1436\u20131446","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR100","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"H Dimaras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dimaras H, Corson TW, Cobrinik D, White A, Zhao J, Munier FL, Abramson DH, Shields CL, Chantada GL, Njuguna F, Gallie BL (2015) Retinoblastoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1(1):1\u201323","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"512_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0772-8","volume":"18","author":"H Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu H, Zhang W, Wang Y, Huang D, Shi J, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y (2018) Characterization, treatment and prognosis of retinoblastoma with central nervous system metastasis. BMC Ophthalmol 18:1\u20137","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"512_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.931523","volume":"13","author":"J Sheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheng J, Li Q, Liu T, Wang X (2022) Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics along the optic nerve. Front Neurol 13:931523","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22290","volume":"58","author":"E Mathieu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathieu E, Gupta N, Ahari A, Zhou X, Hanna J, Y\u00fccel YH (2017) Evidence for cerebrospinal fluid entry into the optic nerve via a glymphatic pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58(11):4784\u20134791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-22290","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"512_CR104","unstructured":"Mistry PA, Shah A, Goswami HM. Histopathological analysis of retinoblastoma at tertiary care ophthalmic centre. Int J Contemporary Pathol. 2020;6(1)"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2806","volume":"33","author":"N Dumrongpisutikul","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dumrongpisutikul N, Intrapiromkul J, Yousem DM (2012) Distinguishing between germinomas and pineal cell tumors on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 33(3):550\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2806","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR106","first-page":"5758","volume":"13","author":"IN Mavridis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mavridis IN, Pyrgelis ES, Agapiou E, Meliou M (2021) Pineal region tumors: pathophysiological mechanisms of presenting symptoms. Am J Transl Res 13(6):5758","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2017.6715","volume":"9","author":"AG Solomou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomou AG (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of pineal tumors and drop metastases: a review approach. Rare Tumors 9(3):69\u201376","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx005","volume":"81","author":"KA Parikh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parikh KA, Venable GT, Orr BA, Choudhri AF, Boop FA, Gajjar AJ, Klimo P Jr (2017) Pineoblastoma\u2014the experience at St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital. Neurosurgery 81(1):120\u2013128","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"512_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02111-y","volume":"139","author":"BK Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li BK, Vasiljevic A, Dufour C, Yao F, Ho BL, Lu M, Hwang EI, Gururangan S, Hansford JR, Fouladi M, Nobusawa S (2020) Pineoblastoma segregates into molecular sub-groups with distinct clinico-pathologic features: a rare brain tumor consortium registry study. Acta Neuropathol 139:223\u2013241","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"512_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-022-05637-x","volume":"39","author":"A Vasiljevic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vasiljevic A (2023) Histopathology and molecular pathology of pediatric pineal parenchymal tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 39(9):2273\u20132284","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"512_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012721723387","volume":"54","author":"J Hirato","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirato J, Nakazato Y (2001) Pathology of pineal region tumors. J Neurooncol 54:239\u2013249","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.015","volume":"164","author":"D Sturm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sturm D, Orr BA, Toprak UH, Hovestadt V, Jones DT, Capper D, Sill M, Buchhalter I, Northcott PA, Leis I, Ryzhova M (2016) New brain tumor entities emerge from molecular classification of CNS-PNETs. Cell 164(5):1060\u20131072","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"34","key":"512_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.4720","volume":"36","author":"EI Hwang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hwang EI, Kool M, Burger PC, Capper D, Chavez L, Brabetz S, Williams-Hughes C, Billups C, Heier L, Jaju A, Michalski J (2018) Extensive molecular and clinical heterogeneity in patients with histologically diagnosed CNS-PNET treated as a single entity: a report from the children\u2019s oncology group randomized ACNS0332 trial. J Clin Oncol 36(34):3388\u20133395","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"512_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab136","volume":"23","author":"K Von Hoff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Von Hoff K, Haberler C, Schmitt-Hoffner F, Schepke E, De Rojas T, Jacobs S, Zapotocky M, Sumerauer D, Perek-Polnik M, Dufour C, Van Vuurden D (2021) Therapeutic implications of improved molecular diagnostics for rare CNS embryonal tumor entities: results of an international, retrospective study. Neuro-oncol 23(9):1597\u20131611","journal-title":"Neuro-oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-1261","volume":"79","author":"PJ Beckmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beckmann PJ, Larson JD, Larsson AT, Ostergaard JP, Wagner S, Rahrmann EP, Shamsan GA, Otto GM, Williams RL, Wang J, Lee C (2019) Sleeping beauty insertional mutagenesis reveals important genetic drivers of central nervous system embryonal tumors. Cancer Res 79(5):905\u2013917","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"512_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04692-6","volume":"36","author":"L De Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Lima L, S\u00fcrme MB, Gessi M, Mastronuzzi A, Miele E, Tamburrini G, Massimi L (2020) Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration (CNS HGNET-BCOR)\u2014case-based reviews. Childs Nerv Syst 36:1589\u20131599","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"7786","key":"512_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1815-x","volume":"576","author":"S Lambo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lambo S, Gr\u00f6bner SN, Rausch T, Waszak SM, Schmidt C, Gorthi A, Romero JC, Mauermann M, Brabetz S, Krausert S, Buchhalter I (2019) The molecular landscape of ETMR at diagnosis and relapse. Nature 576(7786):274\u2013280","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"512_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02182-2","volume":"140","author":"S Lambo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lambo S, von Hoff K, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Kool M (2020) ETMR: a tumor entity in its infancy. Acta Neuropathol 140:249\u2013266","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"512_CR119","first-page":"31","volume":"15","author":"S Jaramillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaramillo S, Grosshans DR, Philip N, Varan A, Aky\u00fcz C, McAleer MF, Mahajan A, McGovern SL (2019) Radiation for ETMR: literature review and case series of patients treated with proton therapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 15:31\u201337","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1228-0","volume":"128","author":"A Korshunov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korshunov A, Sturm D, Ryzhova M, Hovestadt V, Gessi M, Jones DT, Remke M, Northcott P, Perry A, Picard D, Rosenblum M, Antonelli M, Aronica E, Sch\u00fcller U, Hasselblatt M, Woehrer A, Zheludkova O, Kumirova E, Puget S, Taylor MD, Giangaspero F, Peter Collins V, von Deimling A, Lichter P, Huang A, Pietsch T, Pfister SM, Kool M (2014) Embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), ependymoblastoma, and medulloepithelioma share molecular similarity and comprise a single clinicopathological entity. Acta Neuropathol 128(2):279\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-013-1228-0","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12431","volume":"38","author":"K Kusakabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusakabe K, Kohno S, Inoue A, Seno T, Yonezawa S, Moritani K, Mizuno Y, Kurata M, Kitazawa R, Tauchi H, Watanabe H (2018) Combined morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic analyses of medulloepithelioma in the posterior cranial fossa. Neuropathology 38(2):179\u2013184","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-20-257","volume":"10","author":"H You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You H, Dong J, Xu J, Zhao D, Liu Q (2021) Lateral ventricular medulloepithelioma in children: a case report. Transl Pediatr 10(4):1020","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318186235b","volume":"33","author":"M Gessi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gessi M, Giangaspero F, Lauriola L, Gardiman M, Scheithauer BW, Halliday W, Hawkins C, Rosenblum MK, Burger PC, Eberhart CG (2009) Embryonal tumors with abundant neuropil and true rosettes: a distinctive CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 33(2):211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318186235b","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00253.x","volume":"20","author":"AR Judkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Judkins AR, Ellison DW (2010) Ependymoblastoma: dear, damned, distracting diagnosis, farewell!*. Brain Pathol 20(1):133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00253.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"512_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(88)80155-2","volume":"19","author":"CD Katsetos","year":"1988","unstructured":"Katsetos CD, Liu HM, Zacks SI (1988) Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations on Homer Wright (neuroblastic) rosettes and the \u201cpale islands\u201d of human cerebellar medulloblastomas. Hum Pathol 19(10):1219\u20131227","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"512_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00693776","volume":"73","author":"PC Burger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Burger PC, Grahmann FC, Bliestle A, Kleihues P (1987) Differentiation in the medulloblastoma: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Neuropathol 73:115\u2013123","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"512_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.17140","volume":"44","author":"G Scalia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scalia G, Ferini G, Silven MP, Noto M, Costanzo R, Maugeri R, Iacopino DG, Zagardo V, Viola A, Nicoletti GF, Umana GE (2024) Alterations of the glymphatic system in glioblastomas: a systematic review. Anticancer Res 44(8):3223\u20133230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/anticanres.17140","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23723556.2020.1810514","volume":"7","author":"D Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo D, Qu Y, Yang Y, Yang ZJ (2020) Medulloblastoma cells resemble neuronal progenitors in their differentiation. Mol Cell Oncol 7(6):1810514","journal-title":"Mol Cell Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00689823","volume":"65","author":"MM Herman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Herman MM, Rubinstein LJ (1984) Divergent glial and neuronal differentiation in a cerebellar medulloblastoma in an organ culture system: in vitro occurrence of synaptic ribbons. Acta Neuropathol 65(1):10\u201324","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.004","volume":"3","author":"Z Mirzadeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirzadeh Z, Merkle FT, Soriano-Navarro M, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (2008) Neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface in neurogenic regions of the adult brain. Cell Stem Cell 3(3):265\u2013278","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.05.015","volume":"22","author":"N Kaneko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaneko N, Sawamoto K (2018) Go with the flow: cerebrospinal fluid flow regulates neural stem cell proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 22(6):783\u2013784","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"5761","key":"512_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119133","volume":"311","author":"K Sawamoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sawamoto K, Wichterle H, Gonzalez-Perez O, Cholfin JA, Yamada M, Spassky N, Murcia NS, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Marin O, Rubenstein JL, Tessier-Lavigne M (2006) New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain. Science 311(5761):629\u2013632","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae086","volume":"34","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumaria A (2024) Neural stem cells and pediatric hydrocephalus: further observations. Cereb Cortex 34(3):bhae086","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"7327","key":"512_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09587","volume":"468","author":"P Gibson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gibson P, Tong Y, Robinson G, Thompson MC, Currle DS, Eden C, Kranenburg TA, Hogg T, Poppleton H, Martin J, Finkelstein D (2010) Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins. Nature 468(7327):1095\u20131099","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901410303","volume":"141","author":"P Rakic","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rakic P (1971) Neuron-glia relationship during granule cell migration in developing cerebellar cortex. A Golgi and electonmicroscopic study in Macacus rhesus. J Comp Neurol 141(3):283\u2013312","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"512_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0278-5","volume":"215","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Niu B, Yu D, Cheng X, Liu B, Deng J (2010) Radial glial cells and the lamination of the cerebellar cortex. Brain Struct Funct 215:115\u2013122","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"512_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.08.001","volume":"109","author":"A Buffo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buffo A, Rossi F (2013) Origin, lineage and function of cerebellar glia. Prog Neurobiol 109:42\u201363","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"512_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-380916-2.00008-5","volume":"94","author":"MF Roussel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roussel MF, Hatten ME (2011) Cerebellum development and medulloblastoma. Curr Top Dev Biol 94:235\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-380916-2.00008-5","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"issue":"7929","key":"512_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05208-9","volume":"609","author":"KS Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith KS, Bihannic L, Gudenas BL, Haldipur P, Tao R, Gao Q, Li Y, Aldinger KA, Iskusnykh IY, Chizhikov VV, Scoggins M, Zhang S, Edwards A, Deng M, Glass IA, Overman LM, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Hadley J, Golser J, Mankad K, Sheppard H, Onar-Thomas A, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Hovestadt V, Orr BA, Patay Z, Millen KJ, Northcott PA (2022) Unified rhombic lip origins of group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma. Nature 609(7929):1012\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05208-9","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7929","key":"512_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05215-w","volume":"609","author":"LD Hendrikse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudi\u00e8re-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Su\u00e1rez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, B\u00e9rub\u00e9 P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, F\u00e8vre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, L\u00f3pez-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Egu\u00eda P, P\u00e9rezpe\u00f1a M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, Taylor MD (2022) Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation. Nature 609(7929):1021\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05215-w","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"19","key":"512_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15194877","volume":"15","author":"O Ciobanu-Caraus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ciobanu-Caraus O, Czech T, Peyrl A, Haberler C, Kasprian G, Furtner J, Kool M, Sill M, Frischer JM, Cho A, Slavc I (2023) The site of origin of medulloblastoma: surgical observations correlated to molecular groups. Cancers (Basel) 15(19):4877","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"512_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00114","volume":"2","author":"KF Ginn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ginn KF, Gajjar A (2012) Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: current therapy and future directions. Front Oncol 2:114","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12967","volume":"31","author":"F Zin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zin F, Cotter JA, Haberler C, Dottermusch M, Neumann J, Sch\u00fcller U, Schweizer L, Thomas C, Nemes K, Johann PD, Kool M (2021) Histopathological patterns in atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors are related to molecular subgroup. Brain Pathol 31(5):e12967","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"512_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0499-1","volume":"37","author":"MZ Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun MZ, Oh MC, Ivan ME, Kaur G, Safaee M, Kim JM, Phillips JJ, Auguste KI, Parsa AT (2014) Current management of choroid plexus carcinomas. Neurosurg Rev 37:179\u2013192","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"512_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1260116","volume":"13","author":"P Zuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zuo P, Mai Y, Jiang Z, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L (2023) Primary adult choroid plexus carcinomas: a single-center experience with a systematic review. Front Oncol 13:1260116","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"512_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050030","volume":"23","author":"K Asano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Asano K, Kubo O, Tajika Y, Takakura K, Suzuki S (2000) Expression of cadherin and CSF dissemination in malignant astrocytic tumors. Neurosurg Rev 23:39\u201344","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"512_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123154","volume":"15","author":"YP Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han YP, Lin HW, Li H (2023) Cancer stem cells in tumours of the central nervous system in children: a comprehensive review. Cancers (Basel) 15(12):3154","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.5.FOCUS23195","volume":"55","author":"J Dhaliwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhaliwal J, Ruiz-Perez M, Mihaela-Vasilica A, Chari A, Hill CS, Thorne L (2023) Survival and quality of life after CSF diversion in adult patients with leptomeningeal metastasis-associated hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Focus 55(2):E16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.5.FOCUS23195","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2020.06.010.PMID:32921356;PMCID:PMC8403494","volume":"31","author":"HP Bhambhvani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhambhvani HP, Rodrigues AJ, Umeh-Garcia MC, Hayden GM (2020) Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: molecular landscape, current management, and emerging therapies. Neurosurg Clin N Am 31(4):613\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2020.06.010.PMID:32921356;PMCID:PMC8403494","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"512_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1432-1","volume":"129","author":"K Aldape","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aldape K, Zadeh G, Mansouri S, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A (2015) Glioblastoma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers. Acta Neuropathol 129:829\u2013848","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"512_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2024.2348598","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Leggate AJ, Dow GR, Ingale HA, Robertson IJA, Byrne PO, Basu S, Macarthur DC, Smith SJ (2024) A common tumour in a rare location: a single centre case series of cerebellar glioblastoma. Br J Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2024.2348598","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"512_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199010000-00002","volume":"27","author":"FT Vertosick Jr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vertosick FT Jr, Selker RG (1990) Brain stem and spinal metastases of supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme: a clinical series. Neurosurgery 27(4):516\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-199010000-00002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/WNQ.0b013e3180320201","volume":"17","author":"TY Jung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jung TY, Jung S, Kim IY, Kang SS, Kim SH (2007) High-grade gliomas: neuraxis dissemination pattern and prognosis. Neurosurg Q 17(3):151\u2013155","journal-title":"Neurosurg Q"},{"key":"512_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae091","author":"YW Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park YW, Jang G, Kim SB, Choi K, Han K, Shin NY, Ahn SS, Chang JH, Kim SH, Lee SK, Jain R (2024) Leptomeningeal metastases in IDH-wildtype glioblastomas revisited: comprehensive analysis of incidence, risk factors, and prognosis based on post-contrast FLAIR. Neuro Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noae091","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"512_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.09.004","volume":"93","author":"R Poyuran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Poyuran R, Chandrasekharan K, Easwer HV, Narasimhaiah D (2021) Glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component: an immunohistochemical study and review of literature. J Clin Neurosci 93:130\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.09.004","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"512_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wnsx.2019.100019","volume":"2","author":"K Vollmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vollmer K, Pantazis G, A\u00f1on J, Roelcke U, Schwyzer L (2019) Spinal metastases of supratentorial glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. World neurosurgery: X 2:100019","journal-title":"World neurosurgery: X"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR157","first-page":"6641","volume":"15","author":"A Prelaj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prelaj A, Rebuzzi SE, Caffarena G, Gir\u00f2n Berr\u00ecos JR, Pecorari S, Fusto C, Caporlingua A, Caporlingua F, Di Palma A, Magliocca FM, Salvati M (2018) Therapeutic approach in glioblastoma multiforme with primitive neuroectodermal tumor components: case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 15(5):6641\u20136647","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00167.x","volume":"19","author":"A Perry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perry A, Miller CR, Gujrati M, Scheithauer BW, Zambrano SC, Jost SC, Raghavan R, Qian J, Cochran EJ, Huse JT, Holland EC (2009) Malignant gliomas with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like components: a clinicopathologic and genetic study of 53 cases. Brain Pathol 19(1):81\u201390","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07111-1","volume":"45","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lin HT, Zeng W (2024) Extensive intraventricular glioblastoma mimicking intracranial lymphoma. Neurol Sci 45(1):375\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-07111-1","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"512_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.796105","volume":"12","author":"A El Rahal","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Rahal A, Cipriani D, Fung C, Hohenhaus M, Sveikata L, Straehle J, Shah MJ, Heiland HD, Beck J, Schnell O (2022) Hydrocephalus shunting in supratentorial glioblastoma: functional outcomes and management. Front Oncol 12:796105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.796105","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"512_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-017-0869-1","volume":"41","author":"SAM Hosainey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosainey SAM, Lassen B, Hald JK, Helseth E, Meling TR (2018) Risk factors for new-onset shunt-dependency after craniotomies for intracranial tumors in adult patients. Neurosurg Rev 41(2):465\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-017-0869-1. (Epub 2017 Jul 3 PMID: 28670657)","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.8.JNS11738","volume":"115","author":"N Montano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Montano N, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Bianchi F, Lauretti L, Doglietto F, Fernandez E, Maira G, Pallini R (2011) Communicating hydrocephalus following surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma. J Neurosurg 115(6):1126\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.8.JNS11738","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01578-2","volume":"45","author":"T Picart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Picart T, Dumot C, Meyronet D, Pallud J, Metellus P, Zouaoui S, Ducray F, Pelissou-Guyotat I, Berhouma M, Bauchet L, Guyotat J, French Brain Tumor DataBase; Club de Neuro-Oncologie of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Neurochirurgie (2022) Characteristics and management of hydrocephalus in adult patients with cerebellar glioblastoma: lessons from a French nationwide series of 118 cases. Neurosurg Rev 45(1):683\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01578-2","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E924","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz144","volume":"85","author":"AM Mistry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mistry AM, Kelly PD, Gallant JN, Mummareddy N, Mobley BC, Thompson RC, Chambless LB (2019) Comparative analysis of Subventricular Zone glioblastoma contact and ventricular entry during resection in predicting dissemination, hydrocephalus, and survival. Neurosurgery 85(5):E924\u2013E932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyz144","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51373-9","volume":"9","author":"Q Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma Q, Schlegel F, Bachmann SB, Schneider H, Decker Y, Rudin M, Weller M, Proulx ST, Detmar M (2019) Lymphatic outflow of cerebrospinal fluid is reduced in glioma. Sci Rep 9(1):14815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51373-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5370","volume":"9","author":"LM Liau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liau LM, Ashkan K, Brem S, Campian JL, Trusheim JE, Iwamoto FM, Tran DD, Ansstas G, Cobbs CS, Heth JA, Salacz ME (2023) Association of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination with extension of survival among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 3 prospective externally controlled cohort trial. JAMA Oncol 9(1):112\u2013121","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"512_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1061428","volume":"16","author":"YL Lan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lan YL, Nie T, Zou S (2022) Identification of the prognostic and immunological roles of aquaporin 4: a potential target for survival and immunotherapy in glioma patients. Front Cell Neurosci 16:1061428","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"512_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-04067-8","volume":"49","author":"Z Yaghoobi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yaghoobi Z, Seyed Bagher NSS, Asadi A, Derafsh E, Talebi Taheri A, Tamtaji Z, Dadgostar E, Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR (2024) Non-coding RNAs and aquaporin 4: their role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Neurochem Res 49(3):583\u2013596","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.016","volume":"22","author":"D Petrik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrik D, Myoga MH, Grade S, Gerkau NJ, Pusch M, Rose CR, Grothe B, G\u00f6tz M (2018) Epithelial sodium channel regulates adult neural stem cell proliferation in a flow-dependent manner. Cell Stem Cell 22(6):865\u2013878","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0431-1","volume":"32","author":"H Igarashi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Igarashi H, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T (2011) Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema. Neurol Sci 32(1):113\u2013116","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"512_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1405","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.6.C1405","volume":"276","author":"JK Bubien","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bubien JK, Keeton DA, Fuller CM, Gillespie GY, Reddy AT, Mapstone TB, Benos DJ (1999) Malignant human gliomas express an amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 276(6):C1405\u2013C1410","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"512_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1896-9","volume":"125","author":"OJ Simon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simon OJ, M\u00fcntefering T, Grauer OM, Meuth SG (2015) The role of ion channels in malignant brain tumors. J Neurooncol 125:225\u2013235","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.065029","volume":"310","author":"M Hegde","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hegde M, Roscoe J, Cala P, Gorin F (2004) Amiloride kills malignant glioma cells independent of its inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310(1):67\u201374","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"512_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hekimoglu M, Sevda LU, Hidir OZ, Cakir-Aktas C, Melike MU. Suppression of aquaporin-4 by antisense oligonucleotides reduces brain edema in experimental traumatic brain injury. Turkish Neurosurg. 2021;32(6)","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.36355-21.3"},{"issue":"11","key":"512_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07656-y","volume":"49","author":"M Behnam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behnam M, Motamedzadeh A, Aalinezhad M, Dadgostar E, Rashidi Noshabad FZ, Pourfridoni M, Raei M, Mirzaei H, Aschner M, Tamtaji OR (2022) The role of aquaporin 4 in brain tumors: implications for pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy. Mol Biol Rep 49(11):10609\u201310615","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"512_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.01.034","volume":"404","author":"GW Farr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farr GW, Hall CH, Farr SM, Wade R, Detzel JM, Adams AG, Buch JM, Beahm DL, Flask CA, Xu K, LaManna JC, McGuirk PR, Boron WF, Pelletier MF (2019) Functionalized phenylbenzamides inhibit aquaporin-4 reducing cerebral edema and improving outcome in two models of CNS injury. Neuroscience 404:484\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.01.034","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24515","volume":"72","author":"MJ Giannetto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giannetto MJ, Gomolka RS, Gahn-Martinez D, Newbold EJ, Bork PAR, Chang E, Gresser M, Thompson T, Mori Y, Nedergaard M (2024) Glymphatic fluid transport is suppressed by the aquaporin-4 inhibitor AER-271. Glia 72(5):982\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.24515","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"512_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.07.115","volume":"18","author":"D Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang D, Owler BK (2011) Expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in paediatric brain tumours. J Clin Neurosci 18(1):122\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.07.115","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"32","key":"512_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8388","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2285-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"L Iacovelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iacovelli L, Arcella A, Battaglia G, Pazzaglia S, Aronica E, Spinsanti P, Caruso A, De Smaele E, Saran A, Gulino A, D\u2019Onofrio M (2006) Pharmacological activation of mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits the growth of medulloblastomas. J Neurosci 26(32):8388\u20138397","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2021.1886242","volume":"36","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumaria A (2022) Observations on the anti-glioma potential of electrical fields: is there a role for surgical neuromodulation? Br J Neurosurg 36(5):564\u2013568","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"21","key":"512_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20521","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6624","volume":"12","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Ashkan K (2023) Neuromodulation as an anticancer strategy. Cancer Med 12(21):20521\u201320522","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"512_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148515","volume":"1818","author":"A Kumaria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumaria A, Ashkan K (2023) Novel therapeutic strategies in glioma targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission. Brain Res 1818:148515","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"512_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00556-8","volume":"23","author":"C Magnon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magnon C, Hondermarck H (2023) The neural addiction of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 23(5):317\u2013334","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"512_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.870029","volume":"3","author":"C Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun C, Lin L, Yin L, Hao X, Tian J, Zhang X, Ren Y, Li C, Yang Y (2022) Acutely inhibiting AQP4 with TGN-020 improves functional outcome by attenuating edema and peri-infarct astrogliosis after cerebral ischemia. Front Immunol 3(13):870029","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Brain Tumor Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T20:02:56Z","timestamp":1768939376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00512-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7398","1861-387X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7398","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-387X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AK was awarded the Sir Hugh Cairns award by the Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS) for an earlier, unpublished version of this concept.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}