{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:53:01Z","timestamp":1778172781944,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T13:37:15Z","timestamp":1106746635000},"page":"130-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Atherosclerosis as Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Mullenix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Starnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis \u2014 an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.180.4093.1332","article-title":"Atherosclerosis and the arterial smooth muscle cell: proliferation of smooth muscle is a key event in the genesis of the lesions of atherosclerosis","volume":"180","author":"Ross","year":"1953","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197608122950707","article-title":"The pathogenesis of antherosclerosis","volume":"295","author":"Ross","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015136","article-title":"EUROASPIRE: a European Society of Cardiology survey of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: principal results","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.7.891","article-title":"Major risk factors as antecedents of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events","volume":"290","author":"Greenland","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408183310709","article-title":"Inflammation and coronary artery disease","volume":"331","author":"Alexander","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.5.2462","article-title":"A definition of intimal fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Stary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.5.1355","article-title":"A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis","volume":"92","author":"Stary","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib9","series-title":"Rutherford Vascular Surgery","first-page":"60","article-title":"Basic considerations of the arterial wall in health and disease","author":"Sidawy","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.004043","article-title":"Cell biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physio"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119813","article-title":"Fatty streak formation occurs in human fetal aortas and is greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia: intimal accumulation of low density lipoprotein and its oxidation precede monocyte recruitment into early atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"100","author":"Napoli","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib12","first-page":"323","article-title":"Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate: changes that lead to fatty streak formation","volume":"4","author":"Faggiotto","year":"1984","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib13","first-page":"463","article-title":"The histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Stary","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013591","article-title":"Endothelial function and oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension","volume":"346","author":"Higashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21 Suppl 1","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib15","first-page":"II27","article-title":"Endothelial function: a critical determinant in atherosclerosis?","volume":"109","author":"Landmesser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 8A","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.09.016","article-title":"Endothelial function, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease","volume":"115","author":"Gonzales","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00354-7","article-title":"Infections and endothelial cells","volume":"60","author":"Keller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.01.014","article-title":"Carotid artery stenosis following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer\u2014should we be more aggressive in focused high-risk population screening?","volume":"187","author":"Steele","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1053\/j.arrt.2004.04.006","article-title":"Vascular biology in uremia: insights into novel mechanisms of vascular injury","volume":"11","author":"Al Aly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.05.001","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products and vascular inflammation: implications for accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Basta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035611","article-title":"Premature coronary-artery atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematososus","volume":"349","author":"Asanuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.11.4095","article-title":"Roles of infectious agents in atherosclerosis and restenosis: an assessment of the evidence and need for future research","volume":"96","author":"Libby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib23","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in African Americans: a potential link to accelerated atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Albert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.6.2.131","article-title":"Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"6","author":"Jonasson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arterio sclerosis"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010033484106","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and cardiovascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Ito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1159\/000079205","article-title":"Altered vascular remodeling in osteopontin-deficient atherosclerotic mice","volume":"41","author":"Strom","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Res"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802498","article-title":"Macrophages, inflammation, and atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Linton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199710)183:2<248::AID-PATH982>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Mast cell distribution, activation, and phenotype in atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid arteries","volume":"183","author":"Jeziorska","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.10.2348","article-title":"Complement and atherogenesis: binding of CRP to degraded non-oxidized LDL enhances complement activation","volume":"19","author":"Bhakdi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00503-3","article-title":"Regulation of smooth muscle cell growth, function and death by activated mast cells\u2014a potential mechanism for the weakening and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"66","author":"Leskinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmaeol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890310019961","article-title":"Chemokines and atherosclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Sheikine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038190","article-title":"From asthma to atherosclerosis\u20145-lipoxygenase, leukotrienes, and inflammation","volume":"350","author":"De Caterina","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2003.10.006","article-title":"Isoprostanes: an emerging role in vascular physiology and disease?","volume":"128","author":"Cracowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.3.329","article-title":"Adhesion of activated platelets to endothelial cells: evidence for a GPIIbIIIa-dependent bridging mechanism and novel roles for endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ab integrin, and GPIba","volume":"187","author":"Bombeli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198512193132501","article-title":"Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction","volume":"313","author":"Hamsten","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2003.10.015","article-title":"Endothelin-1(1\u201331) levels are increased in atherosclerotic lesions of the thoracic aorta of hypercholesterolemic hamsters","volume":"175","author":"Mawatari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib39","first-page":"492","article-title":"Pathogenesis of plaque disruption","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Flak","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2481","article-title":"Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: a comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral vascular disease","volume":"285","author":"Ridker","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408183310701","article-title":"The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina","volume":"331","author":"Liuzzo","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006153422406","article-title":"Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 and coronary artery disease","volume":"342","author":"Kohler","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81051-7","article-title":"Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator: role of fibrin","volume":"257","author":"Hoylaerts","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.6998","article-title":"Increased type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in atherosclerotic human arteries","volume":"89","author":"Schneiderman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2057","article-title":"Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris","volume":"94","author":"Juhan-Vague","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.10.2380","article-title":"Fibrinolytic variables and cardiovascular prognosis in patients with stable angina pectoris treated with verapamil or metroprolol: results from the Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm","volume":"95","author":"Held","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646598","article-title":"Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient\u2014relationship with plasma insulin","volume":"61","author":"Juhan-Vague","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510263331704","article-title":"Vascular tissue plasminogen activator and the development of coronary artery disease in heart-transplant recipients","volume":"333","author":"Labarrere C","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/B:THRO.0000037664.77460.d8","article-title":"Evidence for C-reactive protein's (CRP) role in vascular disease: atherothrombosis, immuno-regulation and CRP","volume":"17","author":"Mazer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.9.1386","article-title":"C-reactive protein frequently colocalizes with the terminal complement complex in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries","volume":"28","author":"Torzewski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000085568.13915.1E","article-title":"Increased thrombogenesis after arterial injury in human C-reactive protein-transgenic mice","volume":"5","author":"Dannenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.9.2094","article-title":"C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Torzewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arte rioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192399699","article-title":"C-reactive protein binds to both oxidized LDL and apoptotic cells through recognition of a common ligand: phosphorylcholine of oxidized phospholipids","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020045","article-title":"Macrophage uptake of LDL bound to aggregated C-reactive protein: possible mechanism of foam-cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"266","author":"Fu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.2.220","article-title":"Diagnostic implications of C-reactive protein","volume":"138","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000034543.78801.69","article-title":"Association of C-reactive protein and carotid atherosclerosis in men and women: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.5.425","article-title":"Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease","volume":"97","author":"Ridker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90079-G","article-title":"Elevation of C-reactive protein in \u201cactive\u201d coronary artery disease","volume":"65","author":"Berk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4204","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4204","article-title":"Prognostic influence of increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in unstable coronary artery disease","volume":"96","author":"Toss","year":"1887","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07591-5","article-title":"Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina","volume":"349","author":"Haverkate","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.7.915","article-title":"Serum C-reactive protein and infarct size in myocardial infarct patients with a closed versus and open infarct-related coronary artery after thrombolytic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Pietila","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9344","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib62","first-page":"1436","article-title":"C-reactive protein, arterial endothelial activation, and development of transplant coronary artery disease: a prospective study","volume":"30","author":"Labarrere","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib63","article-title":"Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of carotid stenosis","volume":"194","author":"Mullenix","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib64","unstructured":"Mullenix PS, Steele SR, Martin MJ, Starnes BW, Andersen CA. C-reactive protein and traditional vascular risk factors in the prediction of carotid stenosis. Presented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Western Vascular Society, Victoria, BC, September 2004."},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(03)00709-2","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in high-grade carotid stenosis: risk marker for unstable carotid plaque","volume":"38","author":"Alvarez Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00333-1","article-title":"Elevated levels of C-reactive protein before coronary artery bypass grafting predict recurrence of ischemic events","volume":"84","author":"Milazzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardial"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00348-4","article-title":"Preprocedural serum levels of C-reactive protein predict early complications and late restenosis after coronary angioplasty","volume":"34","author":"Buffon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Call Cardial"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3401.095074","article-title":"Incremental prognostic value of elevated baseline C-reactive protein among established markers of risk in percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"104","author":"Chew","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl IV","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib69","first-page":"IV-6","article-title":"Established and emerging plasma biomarkers in the prediction of first atherothrombotic events","volume":"109","author":"Ridker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for health-care professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/1568008043340044","article-title":"HDL and inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Spieker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42977","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406762200","article-title":"Human atherosclerotic intima and blood of patients with established coronary artery disease contain high density lipoprotein damaged by reactive nitrogen species","volume":"279","author":"Pennathur","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90062-7","article-title":"Insulin as an anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic hormone","volume":"Suppl 4","author":"Dandona","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cornerstone"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2003.16.8.829345","article-title":"The potential role of antileukotriene drugs in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Spanbroek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D611","article-title":"CD40 ligand: a novel target in the fight against cardiovascular disease","volume":"38","author":"Vishnevetsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00565-X","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors: are they involved in atherosclerosis progression?","volume":"90","author":"Puddu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib77","unstructured":"Goings K, Steele SR, Martin MJ, Mullenix PS, Andersen CA. The inflammatory component of carotid stenosis: a case report. Presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Military Vascular Surgery, Washington, DC, November 2003."},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.03.029","article-title":"Effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib on human vascular cells","volume":"15","author":"Niederberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1163\/1568560041352301","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of BHUx, a polyherbal fomulation to prevent atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Tripathi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"21 Supp 1","key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib80","first-page":"II18","article-title":"Inflammation, immunity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: statins as antiinflammatory agents?","volume":"109","author":"Schonbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib81","first-page":"353","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibition reduces the proinflammatory activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells by the terminal complement factor C5b-9","volume":"98","author":"Viedt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.13.1675","article-title":"Association of nitrotyrosine levels with cardiovascular disease and modulation by statin therapy","volume":"289","author":"Shishehbor","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000078371.00577.76","article-title":"Possible role of parathyroid hormone-related protein as a proinflammatory cytokine in atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Martin-Ventura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(03)00002-3","article-title":"The expanding scope of the metabolic syndrome and implications for the management of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes with particular focus on the emerging role of the thiazolidinediones","volume":"17","author":"Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.065","article-title":"Comparative effects of ATI-antagonism and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on markers of inflammation and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"44","author":"Schieffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040111","article-title":"Weight loss leads to reductions in inflammatory biomarkers after a very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in overweight men","volume":"107","author":"Sharman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Land)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.12.006","article-title":"Exercise reduces plasma levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in subjects with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Troseid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70237-9","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque rupture in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis","volume":"23","author":"Carr","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000015558.63492.B6","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness is associated with allelic variants of stromelysin-1, IL-6, and hepatic lipase genes: the Northern Manhattan Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Rundek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.04.025","article-title":"Degree of carotid plaque calcification in relation to symptomatic outcome and plaque inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Shaalan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib91","unstructured":"Bicknell CD, Foale R, Mudra H, Cheshire NJ. Biological and duplex features of carotid plaques predict embolization during carotid endoluminal intervention. Presented at the International Congress XVII on Endovascular Interventions, Phoenix, AZ, February 8\u201312, 2004."},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib92","unstructured":"Fujitani RM, Gelfand D, Gordon IL, et al. Correlation between CTA-acquired images of carotid artery plaque morphology with clinical neurologic symptomatology. Presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Western Vascular Society, Victoria, BC, September 2004."},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib93","unstructured":"Lang W, Balzer KM, Muller KM, Fellner FA. Risk evaluation of carotid plaque morphology by ultrasonographic gray scale analysis and angioscopy: can we detect high-risk plaques for carotid angioplasty? Presented at the International Congress XVII on Endovascular Interventions, Phoenix, AZ, February 8\u201312, 2004."},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib94","first-page":"11","article-title":"Drug-eluting stents","volume":"12","author":"Shapiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hosp Phys"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib95","first-page":"209","article-title":"The ARTS study (Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study)","volume":"4","author":"Serruys","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Interv Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.8.852","article-title":"Bench to bedside: the development of rapamycin and its application to stent restenosis [editorial]","volume":"104","author":"Marx","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012843","article-title":"A randomized comparison of a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard stent for coronary revascularization","volume":"346","author":"Morice","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000025585.63486.59","article-title":"Intravascular ultrasound findings in the multicenter, randomized, double-blind RAVEL (Randomized study with the sirolimus-eluting Velocty balloon-expandable stents in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary artery Lesions) trial","volume":"106","author":"Serruys","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-003-0719-7","article-title":"C-reactive protein-induced production of interleuking-18 in human endothelial cells: a mechanism of orchestrating cytokine cascade in acute coronary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Yamaoka-Tojo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000070542.18001.87","article-title":"Interleukin-7-mediated inflammation in unstable angina: possible role of chemokines and platelets","volume":"107","author":"Damas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509606611564?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509606611564?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T09:02:50Z","timestamp":1625389370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890509606611564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890509606611564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10016-004-0153-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}