{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:12:39Z","timestamp":1788930759143,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parvovirus infection during pregnancy is an important cause of hydrops fetalis. It is attributed to anemia caused by viral-induced destruction of red blood cells. Infection of other organs has been reported including the heart, liver, and lungs. Few of these reports, however, convincingly demonstrate virions within the functional parenchyma of the tissue. This is of particular concern regarding myocardium in the context of hydrops fetalis which is, in part, due to cardiac failure. The problem in routine pathology practice is that most fetuses with the infection are macerated. This, in part, probably explains the paucity of published information on cardiac involvement. This study examined five cases of fatal hydrops fetalis with variable maceration with serologically proven parvovirus B19 infection. Transmission electron microscopy of cardiac tissue demonstrated intranuclear virions in both erythroid precursor cells and in cardiac myocytes in three of these cases. In each of these, immunogold electron microscopy provided confirmatory evidence of parvovirus infection. Virions were not identifiable where maceration had caused disintegration of nuclei in the myocytes. In addition, virions were absent in the three negative control cases where retroplacental hemorrhage was confirmed as the cause of death. This study suggests that parvovirus infection of cardiac myocytes may play a more important role in causing hydrops fetalis than previously realized. It also demonstrates that maceration should not discourage the use of electron microscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-001-0269-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,2]],"date-time":"2003-12-02T16:39:20Z","timestamp":1070383160000},"page":"414-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Parvovirus Infects Cardiac Myocytes in Hydrops Fetalis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Aiveen","family":"O'Malley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Barry-Kinsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kelehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Devaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoghan","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91074-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.4.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90555-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701223160403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711690207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3018-3028.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80677-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"344","article-title":"A report of human parvovirus B19 infection in hydrops fetalis","volume":"159","author":"Moore L","year":"1993","unstructured":"MooreL, ChambersHM, ForemanAR, KhongTY. A report of human parvovirus B19 infection in hydrops fetalis. First Australian cases confirmed by serology and immunohistology. Med. J. Aust. 1993;159:5:344\u2013345.","journal-title":"First Australian cases confirmed by serology and immunohistology. Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70259-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"Parvovirus particles in a fetal-heart with myocarditis: ultra-structural and immunohistochemical study","volume":"45","author":"Respondek M","year":"1997","unstructured":"RespondekM, BratosiewiczJ, PertynskiT, LiberskiPP. Parvovirus particles in a fetal-heart with myocarditis: ultra-structural and immunohistochemical study. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 1997;45:465\u2013470.","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 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