{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:10:51Z","timestamp":1790932251345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiological relationships in three unrelated cases of neonatal late-onset Group B streptococcal (GBS) disease and maternal breast-milk infection with GBS. All deliveries were by cesarean section; case 1 was at term, and cases 2 and 3 were at 32- and 33-wk gestation, respectively. Case 1 relates to a mother with clinical mastitis and recurrent GBS infection in a 20-day-old male infant. Following antibiotic therapy and cessation of breastfeeding, the infant recovered without sequelae. Case 2 refers to a mother with clinical mastitis and the occurrence of late-onset GBS disease in 5-wk-old male twins. Despite intervention, one infant died and the second became ill. Following antibiotic therapy and cessation of breast-feeding, the surviving infant recovered without sequelae. Case 3 refers to a mother with sub-clinical mastitis and late-onset GBS infection occurring in a 6-day-old female twin. Following intervention, the infant recovered but suffered a bilateral thalamic infarction resulting in developmental delay and a severe seizure disorder. Following recovery of GBS from an inapparent mastitis and cessation of breast-feeding, the second infant remained well. Blood cultures from all affected infants and maternal breast milk were positive for GBS. Epidemiological relationships between neonatal- and maternal-derived GBS isolates were confirmed by a random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction assay (RAPD-PCR). This study is significant in that it has demonstrated that maternal milk (in cases of either clinical or sub-clinical mastitis) can be a potential source of infection resulting in either late-onset or recurrent neonatal GBS disease. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-001-0276-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,2]],"date-time":"2003-12-02T21:39:20Z","timestamp":1070401160000},"page":"251-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Late-onset and Recurrent Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease Associated with Breast-milk Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kotiw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia 4350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwang W.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia 4350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Daggard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia 4350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Reiss-Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Area Laboratory Services, St. George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Tapsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Numa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s10024-001-0276-y","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy and the New Born Infant","author":"Gilbert GL","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr2-s10024-001-0276-y","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.1.137"},{"key":"bibr3-s10024-001-0276-y","first-page":"943","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"Klein 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