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An understanding of these mechanisms has largely been gained through the use of animal models, because many of the basic processes required in embryogenesis are functionally conserved among species. Such conserved factors include cell\u2013cell signaling pathways and the regulation of gene expression. Disruption of these pathways have been implicated in several congenital disorders of the digestive system, including Hirschsprung disease, malrotation, altered sphincter development, Meckel diverticulum, biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, pancreatic heterotopias, and pancreatic agenesis. In this review, we highlight recent studies in digestive system development, which elucidate mechanisms underlying congenital disorders of the human digestive system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-002-2996-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,2]],"date-time":"2003-12-02T21:39:20Z","timestamp":1070401160000},"page":"284-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Insights into Congenital Disorders of the Digestive System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"},{"name":"Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail H.","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70193-9"},{"key":"bibr2-s10024-002-2996-z","first-page":"1255","volume-title":"Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant","author":"Bates MD","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr3-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.19.8866"},{"key":"bibr4-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065718"},{"key":"bibr5-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00233-1"},{"key":"bibr6-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/172869a0"},{"key":"bibr7-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.7.959"},{"key":"bibr8-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.3.579","volume":"120","author":"Tepass U","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bibr9-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.102.2.339","volume":"102","author":"Simon-Assmann P","year":"1988","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bibr10-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.101.1.161","volume":"101","author":"Simo P","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"bibr11-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0150"},{"key":"bibr12-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(86)90183-1"},{"key":"bibr13-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.100.4.661","volume":"100","author":"Kramer B","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bibr14-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.13.1670"},{"key":"bibr15-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1717"},{"key":"bibr16-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.12.2763"},{"key":"bibr17-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61747-6"},{"key":"bibr18-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00340-X"},{"key":"bibr19-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.15.2791","volume":"125","author":"Roberts DJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bibr20-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00458-4"},{"key":"bibr21-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(200005)22:5<431::AID-BIES5>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"bibr22-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(03)00066-6"},{"key":"bibr23-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1998.00167.x"},{"key":"bibr24-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70284-2"},{"key":"bibr25-s10024-002-2996-z","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199710000-00001"},{"key":"bibr26-s10024-002-2996-z","unstructured":"WolpertL, BeddingtonR, BrockesJ, JesselT, LawrenceP, MeyerowitzE. 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