{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T15:02:13Z","timestamp":1772895733128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal intervention for congenital diaphragmatic hernia was developed to lessen the high morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypoplasia. Lung pathology and morphometry in patients treated with fetal intervention have not been described. We report clinical and autopsy findings, as well as basic lung morphometry in 16 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with fetal intervention (12 cases tracheal occlusion; 4 cases hernia repair), and 19 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia without fetal intervention. All patients who underwent fetal intervention were born premature. Lung enlargement with increased lung-to-body weight ratio was observed with fetal tracheal occlusion, accompanied by lower than normal radial alveolar counts and increased alveolar size. Patients treated with tracheal occlusion also had early alveolar development (at 29.8, 30.6, and 30.9 wk postconceptual age) as well as mucous fluid pooling in airways and alveoli. All cases showed severe alveolar septal widening, more extensive in patients without fetal intervention. When grouped by postconceptual age, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without fetal intervention with respect to lung-to-body weight ratio, radial alveolar count, mean alveolar length, and relative arteriolar media thickness. Lung enlargement has been observed with fetal tracheal occlusion sonographically; our studies suggest that this is due in part to emphysema and mucous fluid pooling. The lung remains abnormal with low radial alveolar counts and increased alveolar size. Tracheal occlusion did not prevent development of lung pathology associated with pulmonary hypoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,19]],"date-time":"2004-03-19T15:27:25Z","timestamp":1079710045000},"page":"536-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Lung Pathology in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Treated with Fetal Surgical Intervention, Including Tracheal Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Heerema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 300 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0506, San Francisco, CA 94143-0506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Rabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 300 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0506, San Francisco, CA 94143-0506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman M.","family":"Sydorak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fetal Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW-1601, San Francisco, CA 94143-0570, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micheal R.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fetal Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW-1601, San Francisco, CA 94143-0570, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirk D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 300 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0506, San Francisco, CA 94143-0506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"141","volume":"36","author":"The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group","year":"2001","unstructured":"The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group. Estimating disease severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the first 5 minutes of life. Pediatr Surg 2001;36:141\u2013145.","journal-title":"Estimating disease severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the first 5 minutes of life"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199811)18:11<1138::AID-PD416>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200009)30:3<249::AID-PPUL9>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510290064038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.20031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90472-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(05)80338-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005313222207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.18311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90524-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90526-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.29418"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90824-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.8.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.35.184.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.17.4.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819209024218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate","volume":"129","author":"Langston C","year":"1984","unstructured":"LangstonC, KidaK, ReedM, ThurlbeckWM. Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:607\u2013613.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80646-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90280-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"338","article-title":"Congenital atresia of the larynx","volume":"74","author":"Smith II","year":"1965","unstructured":"SmithII, BainAD. Congenital atresia of the larynx. Ann Otol 1965;74:338\u2013349.","journal-title":"Ann Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818509025898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.208.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818709161415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"649","article-title":"Morphological effects of chronic tracheal ligation and drainage in the fetal lamb lung","volume":"123","author":"Alcorn D","year":"1977","unstructured":"AlcornD, AdamsonTM, LambertTF, MaloneyJE, RitchieBC, RobinsonPM. Morphological effects of chronic tracheal ligation and drainage in the fetal lamb lung. J Anat 1977;123:649\u2013660.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90328-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(86)90092-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.34.3.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200110000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90493-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199704000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950140305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.4.947"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"342","article-title":"Lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"58","author":"Kitagawa M","year":"1971","unstructured":"KitagawaM, HislopA, BoydenEA, ReidL. Lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A quantitative study of airway, artery, and alveolar development. Br J Surg 1971;58:342\u2013346.","journal-title":"A quantitative study of airway, artery, and alveolar development. Br J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","first-page":"III168","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support for cardiac assist in pediatric patients","volume":"84","author":"Meliones JN","year":"1991","unstructured":"MelionesJN, CusterJR, SnedecorS, MolerFW, O'RourkePP, DeliusRE. Extracorporeal life support for cardiac assist in pediatric patients. Review of ELSO Registry data. Circulation 1991;84(5 Suppl):III168\u2013III172.","journal-title":"Review of ELSO Registry data. Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.1999.06451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70252-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.25746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(95)90313-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90724-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(93)90426-L"}],"container-title":["Pediatric and Developmental Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1767677504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10024-003-5054-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1093-5266","1615-5742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1093-5266","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}