{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:24:13Z","timestamp":1791901453759,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are usually considered non-life-threatening, usually closing spontaneously or causing symptoms of congestive heart failure, which can be surgically treated in time to save the patient's life. Despite the usually benign clinical course of VSD, serious arrhythmias occur in 16\u201331% of patients. Sudden death accounted for one-third of all deaths in a series of medically managed patients and occurred in 4.2% of patients in a study of VSD and arrhythmias. Cardiac hypertrophy is the common denominator in all cases reported in detail of VSD-associated sudden death. We have encountered four cases of sudden unexpected death from VSD in infants ranging in age from 1 week to 3 and \u00bd months. In each case there was cardiomegaly and in one case there was pulmonary arteriolar medial thickening, with extension of smooth muscle into small intralobular vessels. In half of our cases the attending physician was sued for malpractice. We believe that VSD in infants and young children are potentially life-threatening malformations which warrant careful clinical follow-up. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s100249900130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T06:40:57Z","timestamp":1027579257000},"page":"327-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sudden Death Due to Ventricular Septal Defect"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Cohle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Health-East, 1840 Wealthy Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Balraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cuyahoga County Coroner's Office, 2121 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dade County Medical Examiner's Office, Number One Bob Hope Road, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s100249900130","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Moss' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents","author":"Graham TP","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr2-s100249900130","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Heart Disease in Infancy and Childhood, 2nd ed","author":"Keith J","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr3-s100249900130","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Pediatric Cardiology, 3rd ed","author":"Nadas A","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr4-s100249900130","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Pathology in Infants and Children","author":"Arey JB","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr5-s100249900130","first-page":"141","volume":"19","author":"Taylor G.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Perspect Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"bibr6-s100249900130","first-page":"333","volume":"4","author":"Byard R.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"bibr7-s100249900130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00697.x"},{"key":"bibr8-s100249900130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00796326","volume":"15","author":"Smith NM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr9-s100249900130","first-page":"464","volume":"74","author":"Schulz DM","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"bibr10-s100249900130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90098-8"},{"key":"bibr11-s100249900130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11057J"},{"key":"bibr12-s100249900130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(56)80139-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-s100249900130","first-page":"I89","volume":"87","author":"Wolfe RR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bibr14-s100249900130","first-page":"I38","volume":"87","author":"Kidd L","year":"1993","journal-title":"Results of treatment of patients with ventricular septal defects. 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