{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:49:39Z","timestamp":1789602579142,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hernia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To systematically review technical aspects and treatment regimens of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections in the lateral abdominal wall musculature. We also investigated the effect of BTA on abdominal muscle- and hernia dimensions, and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were searched for studies that investigate the injection of BTA in the lateral abdominal wall muscles. Study characteristics, BTA treatment regimens, surgical procedures, and clinical outcomes are presented descriptively. The effect of BTA on muscle- and hernia dimensions is analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses, and exclusively for studies that investigate ventral incisional hernia patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 23 studies, comprising 995 patients. Generally, either 500 units of Dysport<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> or 200\u2013300 units of Botox<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> are injected at 3\u20135 locations bilaterally in all three muscles of the lateral abdominal wall, about 4\u00a0weeks prior to surgery. No major procedural complications are reported. Meta-analyses show that BTA provides significant elongation of the lateral abdominal wall of 3.2\u00a0cm per side (95% CI 2.0\u20134.3, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); 6.3\u00a0cm total elongation, and a significant but heterogeneous decrease in transverse hernia width (95% CI 0.2\u20136.8, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200994%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Furthermore, meta-analysis shows that BTA pretreatment in ventral hernia patients significantly increases the fascial closure rate [RR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02\u20131.16, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02)].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The injection technique and treatment regimens of botulinum toxin A as well as patient selection require standardization. Bilateral pretreatment in hernia patients significantly elongates the lateral abdominal wall muscles, making fascial closure during surgical hernia repair more likely.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A review protocol for this meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020198246).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-021-02499-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T13:16:40Z","timestamp":1632230200000},"page":"1413-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of technical aspects and clinical outcomes of botulinum toxin prior to abdominal wall reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9990-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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Timmer, Jeroen J.M. Claessen, Jasper J. Atema, Martin V.H. Rutten, and Roel Hompes declare no conflict of interest. Marja A. Boermeester reports receiving institutional grants from J&J\/Ethicon, KCI\/3M, and New Compliance; and is an advisory board member and\/or speaker and\/or instructor for KCI\/3M, J&J\/Ethicon, Allergan, BD Bard, Gore, TelaBIO, GD Medical, Medtronic, and Smith & Nephew.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"As this concerns a literature study, no ethical approval was required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}