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A wide variety of meshes with diverse properties are available. The knowledge on the immune-modulating effects of meshes is, however, insufficient. This study investigates the impact of two widely used lightweight meshes, ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      and ProGrip\u2122, on macrophage activation (in vitro), systemic inflammation (in vivo), patient perioperative and long-term outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human THP-1 cell-derived macrophages were cultured in absence and presence of ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      or ProGrip\u2122 meshes. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, was measured following inflammasome activation. In a retrospective study, systemic inflammation and postoperative outcomes after retro-muscular hernia repair using ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (321 patients) or ProGrip\u2122 (161 patients) meshes were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the presence of ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 release by macrophages was increased, whereas ProGrip\u2122 tended to reduce cytokine levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097). Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups; systemic C-reactive protein levels were likewise higher in patients receiving ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      compared to ProGrip\u2122 (mean difference: 26.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u00a0mg\/dl;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). No relevant differences were observed in perioperative morbidity or short-term outcomes, including complications and hospitalization after hernia repair, but hernia recurrence rates tended to be higher within three-year follow-up after ProGrip\u2122 implantation compared to ULTRAPRO\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0630).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meshes exhibit distinct immune-modulating effects on macrophages, leading to differential activation that may influence foreign-body reaction and systemic inflammation. These immune responses potentially impact clinical outcomes and recurrence after hernia repair. This study underscores the need for comparative prospective, randomized-controlled trials to further evaluate the clinical relevance of mesh-specific immunological effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-025-03391-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T05:12:23Z","timestamp":1750137143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Acute inflammation triggered by two lightweight hernia meshes: a comparative in vitro and retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Reichert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadet","family":"Massambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca-Laura","family":"Amati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005422","volume":"276","author":"FPJ den Hartog","year":"2022","unstructured":"den Hartog FPJ, Sneiders D, Darwish EF, Yurtkap Y, Menon AG, Muysoms FE, Kleinrensink G-J, Bouvy ND, Jeekel J, Lange JF (2022) Favorable outcomes after Retro-Rectus (Rives-Stoppa) mesh repair as treatment for noncomplex ventral abdominal wall hernia, a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 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If accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"205"}}