{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:57:12Z","timestamp":1790740632997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hernia"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:20:05Z","timestamp":1761906005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bio-resorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) mesh for abdominal wall reconstruction is effective in high-risk patients and contaminated abdomen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Troop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Gildehaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulsoom","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196004.49422.af","volume":"59","author":"RS Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller RS, Morris JA Jr, Diaz JJ Jr, Herring MB, Addison M (2005) complications after 344 damage-control open celiotomies. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 59(6):1365\u20131374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000196004.49422.af","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"43","key":"3497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0204-3","volume":"13","author":"P Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu P, Uhlich R, Gleason F, Kerby J, Bosarge P (2018) Impact of initial temporary abdominal closure in damage control surgery: a retrospective analysis. World J Emerg Surg 13(43):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-018-0204-3","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0149-y","volume":"12","author":"A Birindelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Birindelli A, Sartelli M, Di Saverio S et al (2017) update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias. World J Emerg Surg 12(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-017-0149-y","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000141193.08524.e7","volume":"240","author":"JW Burger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burger JW, Luijendijk RW, Hop WC, Halm JA, Verdaasdonk EG, Jeekel J (2004) Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of suture versus mesh repair of incisional hernia. Ann Surg 240:578\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sla.0000141193.08524.e7","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"3497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.01.008","volume":"148","author":"K Breuing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Breuing K, Butler CE, Ferzoco S, Franz M, Hultman CS, Kilbridge JF, Rosen M, Silverman RP, Vargo D (2010) Incisional ventral hernias: review of the literature and recommendations regarding the grading and technique of repair. Surgery 148:544\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2010.01.008","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"3497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.15217","volume":"316","author":"D Kokotovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kokotovic D, Bisgaard T, Helgstrand F (2016) Long-term recurrence, and complications associated with elective incisional hernia repair. JAMA 316:1575\u20131582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.15217","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.6902","volume":"157","author":"MJ Rosen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosen MJ, Krpata DM, Petro CC (2022) Biologic vs synthetic mesh for single-stage repair of contaminated ventral hernias: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 157(4):293\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.6902","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004336","volume":"273","author":"HW Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris HW, Primus F, Young C et al (2021) Preventing recurrence in clean and contaminated hernias using biologic versus synthetic mesh in ventral hernia repair: the PRICE randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 273(4):648\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004336","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.382","volume":"217","author":"AM Carbonell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carbonell AM, Criss CN, Cobb WS, Novitsky YW, Rosen MJ (2013) Outcomes of synthetic mesh in contaminated ventral hernia repairs. J Am Coll Surg 217(6):991\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.382","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09058-4","volume":"36","author":"SC Schechter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schechter SC, Imhoff L, Lasker MV, Hornbeck S, Flores HC (2022) Single-stage abdominal wall reconstruction in contaminated and dirty wounds is safe: a single center experience. Surg Endosc 36(8):5766\u20135771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-022-09058-4","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-006-0164-5","volume":"11","author":"DI Alaedeen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alaedeen DI, Lipman J, Medalie D (2007) The single-staged approach to the surgical management of abdominal wall hernias in contaminated fields. Hernia 11:41\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-006-0164-5","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.03.009","volume":"204","author":"EW Beale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beale EW, Hoxworth RE, Livingston EH et al (2012) The role of biologic mesh in abdominal wall reconstruction: a systematic review of the current literature. Am J Surg 204:510\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.03.009","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"3497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182849871","volume":"257","author":"MJ Rosen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosen MJ, Krpata DM, Ermlich B et al (2013) A 5-year clinical experience with single-staged repairs of infected and contaminated abdominal wall defects utilizing biologic mesh. Ann Surg 257:991\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182849871","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-012-1029-8","volume":"17","author":"KC Harth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harth KC, Krpata DM, Chawla A, Blatnik JA, Halaweish I, Rosen MJ (2013) Biologic mesh use practice patterns in abdominal wall reconstruction: a lack of consensus among surgeons. Hernia 17(1):13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-012-1029-8","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.05.028","volume":"205","author":"NJ Slater","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slater NJ, Van Der Kolk M, Hendriks T, Van Goor H, Bleichrodt RP (2013) Biologic grafts for ventral hernia repair: a systematic review. Am J Surg 205:220\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.05.028","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"3497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001601","volume":"265","author":"M Rosen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosen M, Bauer J, Harmaty M, Carbonell AM, Cobb WS et al (2017) Multicenter, prospective, longitudinal study of the recurrence, surgical site infection, and quality of life after contaminated ventral hernia repair using biosynthetic absorbable mesh. Ann Surg 265:205\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001601","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.04.008","volume":"52","author":"KM Itani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Itani KM, Rosen M, Vargo D, Awad SS, Denoto G, Butler CE, Group RS (2012) Prospective study of single-stage repair of contaminated hernias using a biologic porcine tissue matrix: the RICH study. Surgery 52(3):498\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2012.04.008","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"3497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.03.044","volume":"184","author":"DP Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin DP, Badhwar A, Shah DV, Rizk S, Eldridge SN, Gagne DH et al (2013) Characterization of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh for hernia repair applications. J Surg Res 184(2):766\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2013.03.044","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3497_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/238067","volume":"28","author":"CR Deeken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deeken CR, Matthews BD (2013) Characterization of the mechanical strength, resorption properties, and histologic characteristics of a fully absorbable material (poly-4-hydroxybutyrate-PHASIX mesh) in a porcine model of hernia repair. ISRN Surg 28:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/238067","journal-title":"ISRN Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5057-9","volume":"30","author":"JR Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scott JR, Deeken CR, Martindale RG, Rosen MJ (2016) Evaluation of a fully absorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate\/absorbable barrier composite mesh in a porcine model of ventral hernia repair. Surg Endosc 30(9):3691\u20133701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-016-5057-9","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEA.2018.0377","volume":"25","author":"C Pineda Molina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pineda Molina C, Hussey GS, Eriksson J, Shulock MA, Cardenas Bonilla LL, Giglio RM et al (2019) 4-hydroxybutyrate promotes endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression in macrophages. Tissue Eng Part A 25:693\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.TEA.2018.0377","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"3497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-017-1638-3","volume":"21","author":"NFN Stoikes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stoikes NFN, Scott JR, Badhwar A, Deeken CR, Voeller GR (2017) Characterization of host response, resorption, and strength properties, and performance in the presence of bacteria for fully absorbable biomaterials for soft tissue repair. Hernia 21(5):771\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-017-1638-3","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07601-9","volume":"35","author":"AS Levy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levy AS, Bernstein JL, Premaratne ID, Rohde CH, Otterburn DM, Morrison KA, Lieberman M, Pomp A, Spector JA (2020) Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (Phasix\u2122) mesh onlay in complex abdominal wall repair. Surg Endosc 35:2049\u20132058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07601-9","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.002","volume":"61","author":"JS Roth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roth JS, Anthone GJ, Selzer DJ, Poulose BK et al (2021) Prospective, multicenter study of P4HB (Phasix\u2122) mesh for hernia repair in cohort at risk for complications: 3-year follow-up. Ann Med Surg 61:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.002","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"3497_CR25","first-page":"2576","volume":"7","author":"CA Messa IV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Messa CA IV, Kozak G, Broach RB, Fischer JP (2019) When the mesh goes away: an analysis of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh for complex hernia repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 7(11):2576","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3497_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e032","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002576","volume":"2","author":"JF Buell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buell JF, Flaris AN, Raju S, Hauch A, Darden M, Parker GG (2021) Long-term outcomes in complex abdominal wall reconstruction repaired with absorbable biologic polymer scaffold (poly-4-hydroxybutyrate). Ann Surg Open 2(1):e032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002576","journal-title":"Ann Surg Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-020-02309-0","volume":"25","author":"J Bueno-Lled\u00f3","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bueno-Lled\u00f3 J, Ceno M, P\u00e9rez-Alonso C, Martinez-Hoed J, Pous-Serrano S (2021) Abdominal wall reconstruction with bio-synthetic absorbable mesh after infected prosthesis explantation: single stage is better than two-stage approach of chronic mesh infection. Hernia 25(4):1005\u20131012","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simmons BP (1983) CDC guidelines for the prevention of surgical wound infections. Am J Infect Control 11(4):133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0196-6553(83)90030-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(83)90030-5"},{"key":"3497_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-018-1748-6","volume":"22","author":"IN Haskins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haskins IN, Horne CM, Krpata DM, Prabhu AS, Tastaldi L, Perez AJ, Rosenblatt S, Poulose BK, Rosen MJ (2018) A call for standardization of wound events reporting following ventral hernia repair. Hernia 22:729\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-018-1748-6","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.012","volume":"215","author":"AE Kanters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanters AE, Krpata DM, Blatnik JA, Novitsky YM, Rosen MJ (2012) Modified hernia grading scale to stratify surgical site occurrence after open ventral hernia repairs. J Am Coll Surg 215(6):787\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-020-02366-5","volume":"25","author":"D Charleux-Muller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Charleux-Muller D, Hurel R, Fabacher T, Brigand C, Rohr S, Manfredelli S et al (2021) Slowly absorbable mesh in contaminated incisional hernia repair: results of a French multicenter study. Hernia 25(4):1051\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-020-02366-5","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"issue":"10","key":"3497_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221102608","volume":"88","author":"JK Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu JK, Purdy AC, Moazzez A, La Riva A, Ozao-Choy J (2022) Defining a body mass index threshold for preventing recurrence in ventral hernia repairs. Am Surg 88(10):2514\u20132518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348221102608","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000363","volume":"235","author":"JS Roth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roth JS, Anthone GJ, Selzer DJ, Poulose BK et al (2022) Long-term, prospective, multicenter study of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh (Phasix Mesh) for hernia repair in cohort at risk for complication: 60-month follow-up. J Am Coll Surg 235(6):894\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000363","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008579","volume":"148","author":"AN Christopher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christopher AN, Morris MP, Jia H, Broach R, Fischer JP (2021) Resorbable synthetic ventral hernia repair in contaminated fields: outcomes with poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh. Plast Reconstr Surg 148(6):1367\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008579","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3497_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-021-02394-9","volume":"25","author":"AN Christopher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christopher AN, Morris MP, Patel V, Mellia JA, Fowler C, Messa CA 4th et al (2021) An evaluation of clinical and quality of life outcomes after ventral hernia repair with poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh. Hernia 25(3):717\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-021-02394-9","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3497_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.05.003","volume":"212","author":"JJ Atema","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atema JJ, De Vries FE, Bouwmeester MA (2016) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the repair of potentially contaminated and contaminated abdominal wall defects. Am J Surg 212:982\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.05.003. (e981)","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09486-2","volume":"37","author":"M Katzen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katzen M, Ayuso SA, Sacco J et al (2023) Outcomes of biologic versus synthetic mesh in CDC class 3 and 4 open abdominal wall reconstruction. Surg Endosc 37(4):3073\u20133083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-022-09486-2","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3497_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1280991","volume":"10","author":"CR Deeken","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deeken CR, Rosen MJ, Poulose BK, Bradbury K, Huang L-C, Ma J, Badhwar A (2023) Early wound morbidity and clinical outcomes associated with P4HB mesh compared to permanent synthetic mesh in umbilical and small to medium, routine ventral hernia repairs. Front Surg 10:1280991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1280991","journal-title":"Front Surg"}],"container-title":["Hernia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:20:05Z","timestamp":1761906005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-025-03497-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1248-9204"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1248-9204","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Mercy Hospital and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of Mercy Hospital determined that the chart review portion of the study was exempt from informed consent. Verbal informed consent was obtained for all individual participants who were contacted by telephone to obtain long-term outcomes prior to the interview.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"2"}}