{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:02:21Z","timestamp":1779876141013,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hernia"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T09:04:04Z","timestamp":1779872644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship between peak pressure and pulmonary complications in complex abdominal wall reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6215-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renske A.","family":"Wijgers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Pierre C.","family":"Vreugde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammo S.","family":"de Vries Reilingh,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon W.","family":"Nienhuijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Wegdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3726_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.027","volume":"220","author":"CJ Goodenough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goodenough CJ, Ko TC, Kao LS, Nguyen MT, Holihan JL, Alawadi Z et al (2015) Development and validation of a risk stratification score for ventral incisional hernia after abdominal surgery: hernia expectation rates in intra-abdominal surgery (the HERNIA Project). J Am Coll Surg 220:405\u2013413","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2012.05.004","volume":"149","author":"RLH Nho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nho RLH, Mege D, Oua\u00efssi M, Sielezneff I, Sastre B (2012) Incidence and prevention of ventral incisional hernia. J Visc Surg 149:e3\u2013e14","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1308\/147870804236","volume":"86","author":"A Kingsnorth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kingsnorth A, Sivarajasingham N, Wong S, Butler M (2004) Open mesh repair of incisional hernias with significant loss of domain. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 86:363","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"3726_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31820d18db","volume":"66","author":"B Ghazi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghazi B, Deigni O, Yezhelyev M, Losken A (2011) Current options in the management of complex abdominal wall defects. Ann Plast Surg 66:488\u2013492","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR5","volume-title":"Incisional Hernia","author":"WW Hope","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hope WW, Tuma F (2025) Incisional Hernia. StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"3726_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12452","DOI":"10.3389\/jaws.2024.12452","volume":"3","author":"L Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smith L, Wilkes E, Rolfe C, Westlake P, Cornish J, Brooks P et al (2024) Incidence, Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated With Incisional Hernia Repair. J Abdom Wall Surg 3:12452","journal-title":"J Abdom Wall Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3726_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.10.013","volume":"216","author":"F Helgstrand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helgstrand F, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H, Jorgensen LN, Bisgaard T (2013) Nationwide prospective study of outcomes after elective incisional hernia repair. J Am Coll Surg 216(2):217\u2013228","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-014-1321-x","volume":"19","author":"E Deerenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deerenberg E, Timmermans L, Hogerzeil D, Slieker J, Eilers P, Jeekel J et al (2015) A systematic review of the surgical treatment of large incisional hernia. Hernia 19:89\u2013101","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"issue":"12","key":"3726_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2549","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002549","volume":"7","author":"I Khansa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khansa I, Janis JE (2019) The 4 principles of complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 7(12):e2549","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"3726_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-023-02864-2","volume":"28","author":"C Sagnelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sagnelli C, Tartaglia E, Guerriero L, Montanaro M, D\u2019Alterio G, Cuccurullo D (2024) Long-term outcomes of Madrid approach after TAR for complex abdominal wall hernias: a single-center cohort study. Hernia 28:769\u2013777","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2023.04.022","volume":"103","author":"A Ramaswamy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramaswamy A (2023) Preoperative optimization for abdominal wall reconstruction. Surg Clin North 103:917\u2013933","journal-title":"Surg Clin North"},{"key":"3726_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4783-7","volume":"43","author":"S Parker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parker S, Halligan S, Blackburn S, Plumb A, Archer L, Mallett S et al (2019) What exactly is meant by loss of domain for ventral hernia? Systematic review of definitions. World J Surg 43:396\u2013404","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR13","unstructured":"Popowicz P, Dayal N, Newman RK, Dominique E (2017) Abdominal compartment syndrome"},{"key":"3726_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.11.051","volume":"211","author":"EH Mommers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mommers EH, Wegdam JA, van der Wolk S, Nienhuijs SW, de Vries Reilingh TS (2017) Impact of hernia volume on pulmonary complications following complex hernia repair. J Surg Res 211:8\u201313","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3726_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dindo D (2014) The Clavien\u2013Dindo classification of surgical complications. Treatment of postoperative complications after digestive surgery, pp 13\u201317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4354-3_3"},{"key":"3726_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318262f160","volume":"130","author":"JA Blatnik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blatnik JA, Krpata DM, Pesa NL, Will P, Harth KC, Novitsky YW et al (2012) Predicting severe postoperative respiratory complications following abdominal wall reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 130:836\u2013841","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182a4c442","volume":"132","author":"JP Fischer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fischer JP, Shang EK, Butler CE, Nelson JA, Braslow BM, Serletti JM et al (2013) Validated model for predicting postoperative respiratory failure: analysis of 1706 abdominal wall reconstructions. Plast Reconstr Surg 132:826e\u2013835e","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6536-y","volume":"33","author":"S Docimo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Docimo S, Spaniolas K, Altieri M, Bates A, Talamini M, Pryor A (2019) Pre-operative characteristics and their role in prolonged intubation following abdominal wall reconstruction. Surg Endosc 33:2345\u20132348","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3726_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005115","volume":"143","author":"RF Sood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sood RF, Lipira AB, Neligan PC, Louie O, Wright AS, Gibran NS (2019) Respiratory failure following abdominal wall reconstruction: an analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. Plast Reconstr Surg 143:165e\u2013171e","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-07181-3","volume":"34","author":"KA Schlosser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schlosser KA, Maloney SR, Prasad T, Colavita PD, Augenstein VA, Heniford BT (2020) Too big to breathe: predictors of respiratory failure and insufficiency after open ventral hernia repair. Surg Endosc 34:4131\u20134139","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3726_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-023-02762-7","volume":"27","author":"J Wegdam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wegdam J, de Jong D, Gielen M, Nienhuijs S, F\u00fcsers A, Bouvy N et al (2023) Impact of a multidisciplinary team discussion on planned ICU admissions after complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Hernia 27:623\u2013633","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-021-02395-8","volume":"25","author":"V Oprea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oprea V, Mardale S, Buia F, Gheorghescu D, Nica R, Zdroba S et al (2021) The influence of Transversus Abdominis Muscle Release (TAR) for complex incisional hernia repair on the intraabdominal pressure and pulmonary function. Hernia 25:1\u20139","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181d7707b","volume":"251","author":"SP Agnew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agnew SP, Small W Jr, Wang E, Smith LJ, Hadad I, Dumanian GA (2010) Prospective measurements of intra-abdominal volume and pulmonary function after repair of massive ventral hernias with the components separation technique. Ann Surg 251:981\u2013988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.07.032","volume":"215","author":"B Cornette","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cornette B, De Bacquer D, Berrevoet F (2018) Component separation technique for giant incisional hernia: a systematic review. Am J Surg 215:719\u2013726","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2018.00037","volume":"5","author":"F K\u00f6ckerling","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00f6ckerling F, Scheuerlein H, Schug-Pass C (2018) Treatment of large incisional hernias in sandwich technique-a review of the literature. Front Surg 5:37","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ott DE (2019) Abdominal compliance and laparoscopy: a review. JSLS 23:e2018.00080","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2018.00080"},{"key":"3726_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-018-1870-5","volume":"23","author":"JA Wegdam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wegdam JA, Thoolen JMM, Nienhuijs SW, de Bouvy N, de Vries Reilingh TS (2019) Systematic review of transversus abdominis release in complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Hernia 23:5\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-018-1870-5","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.03.040","volume":"203","author":"VHO Collaborative","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collaborative VHO, Mitchell TO, Holihan JL, Askenasy EP, Greenberg JA, Keith JN et al (2016) Do risk calculators accurately predict surgical site occurrences? J Surg Res 203:56\u201363","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3726_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacIntyre NR, Branson RD (2009) Mechanical ventilation. Saunders Elsevier","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09540933"},{"key":"3726_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2022.100099","volume":"4","author":"NJ Douville","year":"2022","unstructured":"Douville NJ, McMurry TL, Ma JZ, Naik BI, Mathis MR, Colquhoun D et al (2022) Airway driving pressure is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study. BJA Open 4:100099","journal-title":"BJA Open"},{"key":"3726_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000005080","volume":"141","author":"G Scaramuzzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scaramuzzo G, Karbing DS, Ball L, Vigolo F, Frizziero M, Scomparin F et al (2024) Intraoperative ventilation\/perfusion mismatch and postoperative pulmonary complications after major noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study. Anesthesiology 141:693\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0000000000005080","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"3726_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-022-02601-1","volume":"26","author":"A Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros A, Dominguez-Arellano S, Vazquez-Guadalupe J, de-la-Garza-Elizondo C, Caralampio-Castro A (2022) Immediate changes in intra-abdominal pressure and lung indicators in patients undergoing complex ventral hernia repair with the transversus abdominis muscle release, with and without preoperative botulinum toxin. Hernia 26:1301\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-022-02601-1","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000001621","volume":"136","author":"CC Petro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petro CC, Raigani S, Fayezizadeh M, Rowbottom JR, Klick JC, Prabhu AS et al (2015) Permissible intraabdominal hypertension following complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 136:868\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/prs.0000000000001621","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.06.06","volume":"6","author":"PL Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva PL, Rocco PR (2018) The basics of respiratory mechanics: ventilator-derived parameters. Ann Transl Med 6:376","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"3726_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00057-6","volume":"4","author":"AS Neto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neto AS, Hemmes SN, Barbas CS, Beiderlinden M, Fernandez-Bustamante A, Futier E et al (2016) Association between driving pressure and development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Respir Med 4:272\u2013280","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"3726_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladha K, Melo MFV, McLean DJ, Wanderer JP, Grabitz SD, Kurth T et al (2015) Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation and risk of postoperative respiratory complications: hospital based registry study. BMJ 351:h3646","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3646"},{"key":"3726_CR37","unstructured":"Richtlijnendatabase national guideline for treatment of incisional ventral hernias access through: https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/littekenbreuken\/classificatie_van_littekenbreuken.html?query=hpw#recommendations Accessed"},{"key":"3726_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petro C, Novitsky Y (2016) Classification of Hernias. pp 15\u201321","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27470-6_2"},{"key":"3726_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Sadairi AR, Durtette-Guzylack J, Renard A, Durot C, Thierry A, Kianmanesh R et al (2022) A simplified method to evaluate the loss of domain. Hernia 26(3):927\u2013936","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-021-02474-w"},{"key":"3726_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mourad AP, De Robles MS, Winn RD (2020) Low-dose pre-operative botulinum toxin a effectively facilitates complex ventral hernia repair: A case report and review of the literature. Med (Kaunas) 57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57010014","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010014"},{"key":"3726_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2010.02.001","volume":"24","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Gregoretti C (2010) Perioperative management of obese patients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 24:211\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2010.02.001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3726_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A et al (2016) Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA 315(8):788\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3726_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0203-3","volume":"33","author":"TR Ibarra-Hurtado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ibarra-Hurtado TR, Nu\u00f1o-Guzm\u00e1n CM, Echeagaray-Herrera JE, Robles-V\u00e9lez E, de Jes\u00fas Gonz\u00e1lez-Jaime J (2009) Use of botulinum toxin type a before abdominal wall hernia reconstruction. World J Surg 33:2553\u20132556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-009-0203-3","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"3726_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-012-0995-1","volume":"17","author":"MD Zielinski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zielinski MD, Goussous N, Schiller HJ, Jenkins D (2013) Chemical components separation with botulinum toxin A: a novel technique to improve primary fascial closure rates of the open abdomen. Hernia 17:101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-012-0995-1","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"3726_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12457","volume":"35","author":"F Seretis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seretis F, Chrysikos D, Samolis A, Troupis T (2021) Botulinum toxin in the surgical treatment of complex abdominal hernias: A surgical anatomy approach, current evidence and outcomes. Vivo 35:1913\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/invivo.12457","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"3726_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-023-02816-w","volume":"27","author":"ERM Dias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dias ERM, Rondini GZ, Amaral PHF, Macret JZ, Carvalho JPV, Pivetta LGA et al (2023) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the pre-operative application of botulinum toxin for ventral hernia repair. Hernia 27:807\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-023-02816-w","journal-title":"Hernia"}],"container-title":["Hernia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T09:04:10Z","timestamp":1779872650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10029-026-03726-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1248-9204"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1248-9204","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Given the retrospective nature of the study, formal ethical approval was not necessary. Informed consent was not required, as the data were analysed retrospectively and anonymously, and no changes were made to patient care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"232"}}