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It includes sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, each with unique characteristics. Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger synthesized on demand by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) through a biochemical process initiated by glutamate binding to NMDA receptors, causing membrane depolarization and calcium influx. NO is known to regulate many signaling pathways including those related to memory consolidation. To throw light on the precise molecular mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in memory consolidation and the possibility of targeting NO pathways as a therapeutic approach to scale down cognitive impairments. We conducted a search of the PubMed MEDLINE database, maintained by the US National Library of Medicine. The search strategy utilized Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including \u201cnitric oxide and memory,\u201d \u201cnitric oxide synthesis in the brain,\u201d \u201cnitric oxide and Alzheimer\u2019s,\u201d \u201cnitric oxide and Parkinson\u2019s,\u201d and \u201cnitric oxide, neurodegenerative disorders, and psychiatric disorders.\u201d Additionally, relevant keywords such as \u201cnitric oxide,\u201d \u201cmemory,\u201d and \u201ccognitive disorders\u201d were employed. We included the most recent preclinical and clinical studies pertinent to the review topic and limited the selection to articles published in English. NO exerts its role in memory consolidation by diffusing between neurons to promote synaptic plasticity, especially long-term potentiation (LTP). It acts as a retrograde messenger, neurotransmitter release modulator, and synaptic protein modifier. The dysregulation of NO balance in the brain can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s, and psychiatric disorders. The disturbance in NO signaling is strongly correlated with synaptic signaling dysfunction and oxidative stress. NO plays a fundamental role in memory consolidation, and its dysregulation contributes to cognitive impairment\u2014a hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NO\u2019s involvement in memory consolidation and to explore therapeutic strategies targeting the NO pathway to mitigate cognitive decline in affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-025-00803-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T01:53:21Z","timestamp":1737683601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The molecular mechanism of nitric oxide in memory consolidation and its role in the pathogenesis of memory-related disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zainab I.","family":"Bahdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9217-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ejlal","family":"Abu-El-Rub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Almazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Alzu\u2019bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0548-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed M.","family":"Al-Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"803_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02523","volume":"10","author":"G Zlotnik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zlotnik G, Vansintjan A (2019) Memory: an extended definition. 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