{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:27:46Z","timestamp":1786980466403,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National University of Colombia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogenetics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) constitutes a complex trait influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, with an estimated heritability of nearly 30%. However, a large proportion of the heritable variation linked to PD remains uncertain, partly due to ancestral bias. Expanding research into Hispanic populations can contribute to address this gap. To review the evidence of genetic variants associated with idiopathic PD in Latin America. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS, compiling studies published up to February 7, 2025. Nineteen case\u2013control studies were included. Two hypothesis-free studies identified rs525496 near\n                    <jats:italic>H2BW1<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a protective factor and rs356182 in\n                    <jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a risk factor through XWAS and GWAS, respectively. Seventeen hypothesis-driven studies examined over three hundred variants, identifying nineteen genetic markers; risk factors included one INDEL in\n                    <jats:italic>NR4A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , CNV burdens in\n                    <jats:italic>PRKN<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PLA2G6<\/jats:italic>\n                    , along with fourteen variants in six loci including\n                    <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>APOE\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Three SNPs in the\n                    <jats:italic>PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ALDH1A1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b53<\/jats:italic>\n                    loci were identified as protective factors. Additionally, six\n                    <jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>\n                    variant haplotypes appear to increase PD risk, while two\n                    <jats:italic>NR4A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    INDELs haplotypes showed mixed effects. This review summarized genetic loci associated with idiopathic PD in Latin American populations evidencing an overlap with European findings as well as novel loci, although awaiting replication and validation. These observations contribute to the understanding of genetic configuration of the disease and highlight the need for further genomic research in underrepresented groups that include local ancestry analysis within admixed cohorts to guide development of personalized treatments and population-specific interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-025-00817-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T23:58:13Z","timestamp":1743811093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic variants associated with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease in Latin America: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2665-1568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Duarte-Zambrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Felipe","family":"Alfonso-Cede\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4459-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alejandro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vanegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4818-0632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Moreno-C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anamar\u00eda","family":"Olarte-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13030471","volume":"13","author":"F Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia F, Fellner A, Kumar KR (2022) Monogenic parkinson\u2019s disease: Genotype, phenotype, pathophysiology, and genetic testing. 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