{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:56:18Z","timestamp":1792659378265,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]],"date-time":"2008-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,9]],"date-time":"2008-06-09T06:00:30Z","timestamp":1212991230000},"page":"949-954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Chilblain lupus erythematosus\u2014a review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"C. M.","family":"Hedrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Fiebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. H.","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sallmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Heubner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01935.x","volume":"98","author":"LG Millard","year":"1978","unstructured":"Millard LG, Rowell NR (1978) Chilblain lupus erythematosus (Hutchinson). A clinical and laboratory study of 17 patients. Br J Dermatol 98:497\u2013506","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000247494","volume":"184","author":"MS Doutre","year":"1992","unstructured":"Doutre MS, Beylot C, Beylot J et al (1992) Chilblain lupus erythematosus: report of 15 cases. Dermatology 184:26\u201328","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"942_CR3","first-page":"395","volume":"54","author":"WPD Su","year":"1994","unstructured":"Su WPD, Perniciario C, Rogers RS et al (1994) Chilblain lupus erythematosus (lupus pernio): clinical review of the Mayo Clinic experience and proposal of diagnostic criteria. Cutis 54:395\u2013399","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1411.58","volume":"1","author":"J Hutchinson","year":"1888","unstructured":"Hutchinson J (1888) Harveian lectures on lupus: the varieties of common lupus. Br Med J 1:58\u201363","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0199-9","volume":"85","author":"MA Lee-Kirsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee-Kirsch MA, Chowdhury D, Harwey S et al (2007) A mutation in TREX1 that impairs susceptibility to granzyme A-mediated cell death underlies familial chilblain lupus. J Mol Med 85:531\u2013537","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1086\/513443","volume":"80","author":"G Rice","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rice G, Newman WG, Dean J et al (2007) Heterozygous mutations in TREX1 cause familial chilblain lupus and dominant Aicardi\u2013Goutieres syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 80:811\u2013815","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890280123017","volume":"132","author":"DA Fisher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fisher DA, Everett MA (1996) Violaceous rash of dorsal fingers in a woman. Diagnosis: chilblain lupus erythematosus (perniosis). Arch Dermatol 132:459\u2013462","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050051224","volume":"51","author":"A Kuhn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuhn A, Schuppe H-C, Ruzicka T et al (2000) Uncommon clinical manifestations of lupus erythematosus. Hautarzt 51:818\u2013825","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00346.x","volume":"15","author":"L Pock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pock L, Petrovsk\u00e1 P, Becv\u00e1r R et al (2001) Verrucous form of chilblain lupus erythematosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15:448\u2013451","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"942_CR10","first-page":"235","volume":"137","author":"I Boehm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boehm I (2001) Chilblain lupus erythematosus Hutchinson: successful treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. Arch Dermatol 137:235\u2013236","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2091","volume":"39","author":"MA Lee-Kirsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee-Kirsch MA, Gong M, Chowdhury D et al (2007) Mutations in the gene encoding the 3\u2032\u20135\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet 39:1065\u20131067","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2003.12.011","volume":"27","author":"F Gouti\u00e8res","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gouti\u00e8res F (2005) Aicardi\u2013Gouti\u00e8res syndrome. Brain Dev 27:201\u2013206","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2082","volume":"39","author":"A Richards","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richards A, van den Maagdenberg AM, Jen JC et al (2007) C-terminal truncations in human 3\u2032\u20135\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy. Nat Genet 39:1068\u20131070","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"942_CR14","first-page":"677","volume":"61","author":"MA Shearn","year":"1963","unstructured":"Shearn MA, Epstein WV, Engleman EP (1963) Relationship of serum proteins and rheumatoid factor to serum viscosity in rheumatic disease. J Lab Clin Med 61:677\u2013686","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4857-7_24","volume":"455","author":"F Franceschini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Franceschini F, Calzavara-Pinton P, Valsecchi L et al (1999) Chilblain lupus erythematosus is associated with antibodies to SSA\/Ro. Adv Exp Med Biol 455:167\u2013171","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520600876796","volume":"13","author":"R Herrera-Esparza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herrera-Esparza R, Villalobos R, Bollain-Y-Goytia JJ et al (2006) Apoptosis and redistribution of the Ro autoantigen in Balb\/c mouse like in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Dev Immunol 13:163\u2013166","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(00)00079-7","volume":"24","author":"J Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu Z, Jin J et al (2000) Induction of Ro\/SSA antigen expression on keratinocyte cell membrane by heat shock and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate as well as estradiol and ultraviolet B. J Dermatol Sci 24:92\u201398","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb16244.x","volume":"134","author":"T Aoki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aoki T, Ishizawa T, Hozumi Y et al (1996) Chilblain lupus erythematosus of Hutchinson responding to surgical treatment: a report of two patients with anti-Ro\/SS-A antibodies. Br J Dermatol 134:533\u2013537","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2681","volume":"116","author":"TD Simon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simon TD, Soep JB, Hollister JR (2005) Pernio in pediatrics. Pediatrics 116:e472\u2013e475","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00063.x","volume":"11","author":"KP White","year":"1994","unstructured":"White KP, Rothe MJ, Milanese A et al (1994) Perniosis in association with anorexia nervosa. Pediatr Dermatol 11:1\u20135","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR21","first-page":"494","volume":"60","author":"R Marks","year":"1967","unstructured":"Marks R, Baker H, Marten RH et al (1967) Chilblain lupus erythematosus as a manifestation of lymphoma. Proc R Soc Med 60:494\u2013496","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660080102025","volume":"121","author":"JW Kelly","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kelly JW, Dowling JP (1985) Pernio. A possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Arch Dermatol 121:1048\u20131052","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem341","volume":"47","author":"CC Belizna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belizna CC, Tron F, Joly P et al (2008) Outcome of essential cryofibrinogenaemia in a series of 61 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47:205\u2013207","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1191\/096120399678847632","volume":"8","author":"F Franceschini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Franceschini F, Calvara-Pinton P, Quinzanini M et al (1999) Chilblain lupus erythematosus is associated with antibodies to SSA\/Ro. Lupus 8:215\u2013219","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)80377-3","volume":"19","author":"F Allegue","year":"1988","unstructured":"Allegue F, Alonso ML, Rocomora A et al (1988) Chilblain lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 19:908\u2013910","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR26","first-page":"602","volume":"39","author":"W Uter","year":"1988","unstructured":"Uter W, Proksh E, Schauder S (1988) Chilblain lupus erythematodes. Hautarzt 39:602\u2013605","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07792.x","volume":"120","author":"MHA Rustin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rustin MHA, Newton JA, Smith NP et al (1989) The treatment of chilblains with nifedipine: the results of a pilot study, a double blind placebo controlled randomized study and a long term open trial. Br J Dermatol 120:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"942_CR28","first-page":"96","volume":"7","author":"AC Allison","year":"1993","unstructured":"Allison AC, Eugui EM (1993) Mycophenolate mofetil, a rationally designed immunosuppressive drug. Clin Transplant 7:96\u2013112","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-3274(98)80015-4","volume":"6","author":"RA Blaheta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blaheta RA, Leckel K, Wittig B et al (1998) Inhibition of endothelial receptor expression and of T-cell ligand activity by mycophenolate mofetil. Transpl Immunol 6:251\u2013259","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 17","key":"942_CR30","first-page":"49","volume":"101","author":"SM Breathnach","year":"1979","unstructured":"Breathnach SM, Wells GC (1979) Chilblain lupus erythematosus with response to chemical sympathectomy. Br J Dermatol 101(Suppl 17):49\u201351","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T04:51:14Z","timestamp":1559105474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0942-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]]}}}