{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1780433888589,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]],"date-time":"2008-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]],"date-time":"2008-07-24T08:13:12Z","timestamp":1216887192000},"page":"1497-1505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Effects of external qigong therapy on osteoarthritis of the knee"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kevin W","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Staller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard H.","family":"Sigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"955_CR1","unstructured":"Arthritis Foundation (2006) Arthritis brochure. http:\/\/www.arthritis.org"},{"key":"955_CR2","first-page":"948","volume":"51","author":"CDC","year":"2002","unstructured":"CDC (2002) Prevalence of self-reported arthritis or chronic joint symptoms among adults\u2014United States 2001. MMWR 51:948\u2013950","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"955_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7542.639","volume":"332","author":"D Hunter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hunter D, Felson D (2006) Osteoarthritis. Br Med J 332:639\u2013642","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"955_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38273.626655.63","volume":"329","author":"JM Bjordal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bjordal JM, Ljunggren AE, Klovning A, Slordal L (2004) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, in osteoarthritic knee pain: meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials. BMJ 329:1317","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"955_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.jrv60011","volume":"296","author":"P McGettigan","year":"2006","unstructured":"McGettigan P, Henry D (2006) Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA 296:1633\u20131644","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"955_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00006","volume":"141","author":"B Berman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berman B, Lao L, Langenberg P, Lee WL, Gilpin A, Hochberg M (2004) Effectiveness of acupuncture as adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 141:901\u2013910","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"955_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00008","volume":"146","author":"E Meihanmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meihanmer E, Linde K, Lao L, Bouter LM, Berman BM (2007) Meta-analysis: acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee. Ann Intern Med 146(12):868\u2013877","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neh117","volume":"2","author":"S Admed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Admed S, Anuntiyo J, Malemud CJ, Haqqi TM (2005) Biological basis for the use of botanicals in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2(3):301\u2013308","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"955_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.22.2533","volume":"166","author":"AI Perlman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perlman AI, Sabina A, Williams AL, Njike VY, Katz DL (2006) Massage therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. Arch Intern Med 166:2533\u20132538","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506070505","volume":"21","author":"JM Brismee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brismee JM, Paige RL, Cjyu MC, Boatridght JD, Hagar JM, McCaleb JA et al (2007) Group and home-based tai chi in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 21(2):99\u2013111","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"955_CR11","first-page":"211","volume":"27","author":"MS Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee MS, Pittler MH, Ernst E (2007) Tai chi for osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 27:211\u2013218 Sept 14. Cited in Epub pre-print; PMID: 17874172","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR12","first-page":"72","volume":"1994","author":"Y Deng","year":"1994","unstructured":"Deng Y (1994) Qigong and tui na therapy for treating knee arthritis. J Mod Med 1994(2):72","journal-title":"J Mod Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR13","first-page":"36","volume":"1","author":"K Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen K, Liu T (2004) Effects of qigong therapy on arthritis: a review and report of a pilot trial. Medical Paradigm 1(1):36\u201348","journal-title":"Medical Paradigm"},{"key":"955_CR14","volume-title":"Arthritis: the Chinese way of healing and prevention","author":"JM Yang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yang JM (1996) Arthritis: the Chinese way of healing and prevention. YMAA Publication Center, Jamaica Plain"},{"key":"955_CR15","unstructured":"Liu TJ (ed) (2005) In: Qigong studies in Chinese medicine (textbook used in universities and colleges in China). China Publisher of Chinese Medicine, Beijing"},{"key":"955_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.05.016","volume":"8","author":"MS Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee MS, Pittler MH, Ernst E (2007b) External qigong for pain conditions: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Pain 8:827\u2013831 Aug 7. Cited in Epub preprint; PMID: 17690012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR17","first-page":"12","volume":"10","author":"ZS Weng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weng ZS (1998) 60 cases of rheumatoid arthritis in late stage treated by medicine fumigation and washing combined with Qi-conducting pressing acupoints and tui na. China\u2019s Naturopathy 10(5):12","journal-title":"China\u2019s Naturopathy"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR18","first-page":"32","volume":"17","author":"Y Machi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Machi Y, Liu C (1999) Measurements of physiological effects of internal qigong: the six-word practice. J Intl Soc Life Info Science 17(1):32\u201347","journal-title":"J Intl Soc Life Info Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"955_CR19","first-page":"1506","volume":"10","author":"Y Xiaohai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xiaohai Y, Songxiang D (1997) Rheumatoid arthritis treated by qigong combined with herb meals. Practical Journal of Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine 10(15):1506","journal-title":"Practical Journal of Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1179\/016164101101198749","volume":"25","author":"G Litscher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Litscher G, Wenzel G, Niederwieser G, Schwarz G (2001) Effects of qigong on brain function. Neurology Research 25(3):501\u2013505","journal-title":"Neurology Research"},{"key":"955_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"41","author":"RC Lawrence","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arnett FC et al (1998) Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. Arthritis Rheum 41:778\u2013799","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"955_CR22","volume-title":"Qigong: Chinese medicine or pseudoscience?","author":"Z Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin Z, Li Y, Guo Z, Shen Z, Zhang H, Zhang T (2000) Qigong: Chinese medicine or pseudoscience? Prometheus Books, New York"},{"key":"955_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","volume":"29","author":"R Altman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Altman R, Asch E, Bloch G et al (1986) Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 29:1039\u20131049","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000089966.48691.7f","volume":"9","author":"K Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen K, He B, Rihacek G, Sigal HL (2003) Qigong treatment for arthritis pain: a pilot study. J Clin Rheumatol 9(5):332\u2013335","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"955_CR25","unstructured":"Qigong Institute (2004\u20132005) Guideline for selecting qigong healers in scientific research of qigong. http:\/\/www.qigonginstitute.org\/html\/papers.php#Selecting . Accessed September 2007"},{"key":"955_CR26","unstructured":"Zhang PY (1997) The experts confirmed the achievement of Qigong anti-cancer therapy: Chinese Taiji five-element qigong is one of effective means to defeat cancer. China Qigong Sciences 8\u201310, March"},{"key":"955_CR27","first-page":"95","volume":"1","author":"N Bellamy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bellamy N, Buchnan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW (1988) Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient-relevant outcomes following total hip or knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis. J Orthop Rheumatol 1:95\u2013108","journal-title":"J Orthop Rheumatol"},{"key":"955_CR28","volume-title":"WOMAC osteoarthritis index: user guide VII","author":"N Bellamy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bellamy N (2004) WOMAC osteoarthritis index: user guide VII. CONROD The University of Queensland, Herston"},{"key":"955_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)91074-8","volume":"30","author":"R Melzack","year":"1987","unstructured":"Melzack R (1987) The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain 30:191\u2013197","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"955_CR30","volume-title":"State-trait anxiety inventory for adults (Form Y)","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger CD (1983) State-trait anxiety inventory for adults (Form Y). Mind Garden, Menlo Park"},{"key":"955_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radoff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radoff LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385\u2013401","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"issue":"7501","key":"955_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7501.1202","volume":"330","author":"C Paterson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paterson C, Dieppe P (2005) Characteristic and incidental (placebo) effects in complex interventions such as acupuncture. BMJ 330(7501):1202\u20131205 May 21","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR33","first-page":"45","volume":"5","author":"WH Wu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wu WH, Bandilla E, Ciccone DS, Yang J, Cheng SS, Carner N et al (1999) Effects of qigong on late-stage complex regional pain syndrome. Altern Ther Health Med 5(1):45\u201354","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/107555302320825138","volume":"8","author":"K Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen K, Shiflett SC, Ponzio NM, He B et al (2002) A preliminary study of the effect of external qigong on lymphoma growth in mice. J Altern Complement Med 8(5):615\u2013621","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"955_CR35","first-page":"36","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chen X, Li Y, Liu G, He B (1997) The inhibitory effects of Chinese Taijing five-element qigong on transplanted hepatocarcinoma in mice. Asian Med 11:36\u201338","journal-title":"Asian Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"955_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.12.851","volume":"12","author":"KW Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen KW, Hassett AL, Hou F, Staller J, Litchbroun A (2006) A pilot study of external qigong therapy for patients with fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med 12(9):851\u2013856","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"955_CR37","first-page":"38","volume":"10","author":"K Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen K (2004) An analytic review of studies on measuring effects of external qi in China. Altern Ther Health Med 10(4):38\u201350","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"955_CR38","first-page":"320","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Chinese qigong","author":"JS Wang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wang JS, Lin HS, Li CR, Zhang MW (1994) Experimental studies of analgesia effect of Qigong. In: Zhang ZH (ed) Encyclopedia of Chinese qigong. United Publisher, Beijing, pp 320\u2013323"},{"key":"955_CR39","unstructured":"Zhang JM, Chen YF, He JH, Xian T, Yi Y (1990) Analgesic effect of emitted Qi and the preliminary study of its mechanism. In: Proceedings of the Third National Academic Conference on Qigong Sciences. Nov; 37; Guangzhou, China"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T19:25:30Z","timestamp":1631561130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4"}},"subtitle":["A randomized controlled trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0955-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]}}}