{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:42:57Z","timestamp":1781304177283,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T07:28:11Z","timestamp":1419233291000},"page":"479-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Spectrum of infections and outcome among hospitalized South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Thozama","family":"Dubula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish M.","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2847_CR1","first-page":"1559","volume":"19","author":"M Petri","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petri M, Genovese M (1992) Incidence of and risk factors for hospitalizations in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of the Hopkins lupus cohort. J Rheumatol 19(10):1559\u20131565","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2847_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21955","volume":"54","author":"S Bernatsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernatsky S, Boivin JF, Joseph L, Manzi S, Ginzler E, Gladman D, Urowitz M, Fortin P, Petri M, Barr S (2006) Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 54(8):2550\u20132557","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"2847_CR3","first-page":"1265","volume":"22","author":"M Abu-Shakra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abu-Shakra M, Urowitz M, Gladman D, Gough J (1995) Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. II. Predictor variables for mortality. J Rheumatol 22(7):1265\u20131270","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2847_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.11.034","volume":"119","author":"A Doria","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doria A, Iaccarino L, Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Arienti S, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Piccoli A, Todesco S (2006) Long-term prognosis and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 119(8):700\u2013706","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307077987","volume":"16","author":"J Nossent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nossent J, Cikes N, Kiss E, Marchesoni A, Nassonova V, Mosca M, Olesinska M, Pokorny G, Rozman B, Schneider M (2007) Current causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus in Europe, 2000\u20132004: relation to disease activity and damage accrual. Lupus 16(5):309\u2013317","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2847_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90431-9","volume":"60","author":"MB Urowitz","year":"1976","unstructured":"Urowitz MB, Bookman AA, Koehler BE, Gordon DA, Smythe HA, Ogryzlo MA (1976) The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 60(2):221\u2013225","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2008.05.003","volume":"22","author":"M Tikly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tikly M, Navarra SV (2008) Lupus in the developing world\u2013is it any different? Best Pract Res Clin Rheum 22(4):643\u2013655","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR8","first-page":"S72","volume":"26","author":"A Ippolito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ippolito A, Petri M (2008) An update on mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheum 26(5):S72","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"2847_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.040907","volume":"65","author":"E Krishnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krishnan E, Hubert HB (2006) Ethnicity and mortality from systemic lupus erythematosus in the US. Ann Rheum Dis 65(11):1500\u20131505","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2847_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101088","volume":"38","author":"X Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng X, Zou Y, Pan W, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang M, Tao J, Zhang Y, Tan K, Li J (2011) Prognostic indicators of hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a large retrospective multicenter study in China. J Rheumatol 38(7):1289\u20131295","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2847_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.12.1151","volume":"33","author":"G Mody","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mody G, Parag K, Nathoo B, Pudifin D, Duursma J, Seedat Y (1994) High mortality with systemic lupus erythematosus in hospitalized African blacks. Rheumatology 33(12):1151\u20131153","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","volume":"40","author":"MC Hochberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochberg MC (1997) Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40(9):1725\u20131725","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"2847_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","volume":"25","author":"EM Tan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, Mcshane DJ, Rothfield NF, Schaller JG, Talal N, Winchester RJ (1982) The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25(11):1271\u20131277","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.1.89","volume":"40","author":"A Swaak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swaak A, Van de Brink H, Smeenk R, Manger K, Kalden J, Tosi S, Marchesoni A, Domljan Z, Rozman B, Logar D (2001) Incomplete lupus erythematosus: results of a multicentre study under the supervision of the EULAR Standing Committee on International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Rheumatology 40(1):89\u201394","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606","volume":"35","author":"C Bombardier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chang CH, Austin A, Bell A, Bloch DA, Corey PN, Decker JL (1992) Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. Arthritis Rheum 35(6):630\u2013640","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2847_CR16","volume-title":"Concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and HIV: case series and literature review","author":"GM Mody","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mody GM, Patel N, Budhoo A, Dubula T (2014) Concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and HIV: case series and literature review. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, Elsevier"},{"issue":"8","key":"2847_CR17","first-page":"1180","volume":"18","author":"K Duffy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Duffy K, Duffy C, Gladman D (1991) Infection and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of hospitalized patients. J Rheumatol 18(8):1180\u20131184","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu452oa","volume":"12","author":"C Edwards","year":"2003","unstructured":"Edwards C, Lian T, Badsha H, Teh C, Arden N, Chng H (2003) Hospitalization of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics and predictors of outcome. Lupus 12(9):672\u2013676","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2847_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro-Zarza J, Alvarez-Hernandez E, Casasola-Vargas J, Estrada-Castro E, Burgos-Vargas R (2009) Prevalence of community-acquired and nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309345776"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312465780","volume":"22","author":"C Teh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teh C, Ling G (2013) Causes and predictors of mortality in hospitalized lupus patient in Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia. Lupus 22(1):106\u2013111","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes391","volume":"52","author":"J Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee J, Dhillon N, Pope J (2013) All-cause hospitalizations in systemic lupus erythematosus from a large Canadian referral centre. Rheumatology 52(5):905\u2013909","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540902744741","volume":"41","author":"SJ Jeong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jeong SJ, Choi H, Lee HS, Han SH, Chin BS, Baek J-H, Kim CO, Choi JY, Song YG, Kim JM (2009) Incidence and risk factors of infection in a single cohort of 110 adults with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Infect Dis 41(4):268\u2013274","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2847_CR23","first-page":"271","volume":"55","author":"O Nived","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nived O, Sturfelt G, Wollheim F (1985) Systemic lupus erythematosus and infection: a controlled and prospective study including an epidemiological group. QJM 55(3\u20134):271\u2013289","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091181.93122.55","volume":"82","author":"R Cervera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, Sebastiani GD, Gil A, Lavilla P, Mejia JC, Aydintug AO, Chwalinska-Sadowska H, de Ramon E, Fernandez-Nebro A, Galeazzi M, Valen M, Mathieu A, Houssiau F, Caro N, Alba P, Ramos-Casals M, Ingelmo M, Hughes GR (2003) Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 82(5):299\u2013308. doi:10.1097\/01.md.0000091181.93122.55","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2847_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308101019","volume":"18","author":"F Goldblatt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldblatt F, Chambers S, Rahman A, Isenberg D (2009) Serious infections in British patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: hospitalisations and mortality. Lupus 18(8):682\u2013689","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2764","volume":"11","author":"G Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruiz-Irastorza G, Olivares N, Ruiz-Arruza I, Martinez-Berriotxoa A, Egurbide M-V, Aguirre C (2009) Predictors of major infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 11(4):R109","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp015","volume":"102","author":"B Hodkinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hodkinson B, Musenge E, Tikly M (2009) Osteoarticular tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. QJM 102(5):321\u2013328","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"2","key":"2847_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel206","volume":"46","author":"M Mok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mok M, Wong S, Chan T, Fong D, Wong W, Lau C (2007) Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology 46(2):280\u2013284","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2131-4","volume":"32","author":"W Tsai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsai W, Chen M, Lee M, Yu K, Wu M, Liou L (2012) Cytomegalovirus infection causes morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus: in a Chinese population in Taiwan. Rheumatol Int 32(9):2901\u20132908","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283476cd8","volume":"23","author":"C Barber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barber C, Gold WL, Fortin PR (2011) Infections in the lupus patient: perspectives on prevention. Curr Opin Rheumatol 23(4):358\u2013365","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2847_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328323daad","volume":"21","author":"KL Demas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Demas KL, Costenbader KH (2009) Disparities in lupus care and outcomes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 21(2):102\u2013109","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.12.008","volume":"9","author":"AT Borchers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borchers AT, Naguwa SM, Shoenfeld Y, Gershwin ME (2010) The geoepidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 9(5):A277\u2013A287","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T16:18:50Z","timestamp":1659111530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2847-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}