{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:22:47Z","timestamp":1792070567168,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006315","name":"ReumaNederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-1-405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-1-405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006315","name":"ReumaNederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LLP-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An exploratory study to determine the role of effusion, i.e., fluid in the joint, in pain, and radiographic progression in patients with hand osteoarthritis. Distal and proximal interphalangeal joints (87 patients, 82% women, mean age 59\u00a0years) were assessed for pain. T2-weighted and Gd-chelate contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were scored for enhanced synovial thickening (EST, i.e., synovitis), effusion (EST and T2-high signal intensity [hsi]) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs). Effusion was defined as follows: (1) T2-hsi &gt;\u20090 and EST\u2009=\u20090; or 2) T2-hsi = EST but in different joint locations. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were scored following Kellgren-Lawrence, increase \u2265\u20091 defined progression. Associations between the presence of effusion and pain and radiographic progression, taking into account EST and BML presence, were explored on the joint level. Effusion was present in 17% (120\/691) of joints, with (63\/120) and without (57\/120) EST. Effusion on itself was not associated with pain or progression. The association with pain and progression, taking in account other known risk factors, was stronger in the absence of effusion (OR [95% CI] 1.7 [1.0\u20132.9] and 3.2 [1.7\u20135.8]) than in its presence (1.6 [0.8\u20133.0] and 1.3 [0.5\u20133.1]). Effusion can be assessed on MR images and seems not to be associated with pain or radiographic progression but attenuates the association between synovitis and progression.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Effusion is present apart from synovitis in interphalangeal joints in patients with hand OA.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Effusion in finger joints can be assessed as a separate feature on MR images.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Effusion seems to be of importance for its attenuating effect on the association between synovitis and radiographic progression.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T21:02:23Z","timestamp":1598734943000},"page":"315-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effusion attenuates the effect of synovitis on radiographic progression in patients with hand osteoarthritis: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4760-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Damman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reijnierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. R.","family":"Rosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kloppenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.012","volume":"21","author":"F Berenbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berenbaum F (2013) Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!). Osteoarthr Cartil 21(1):16\u201321","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"7","key":"5341_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124875","volume":"69","author":"MC Kortekaas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kortekaas MC, Kwok W-Y, Reijnierse M, Watt I, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M (2010) Pain in hand osteoarthritis is associated with inflammation: the value of ultrasound. Ann Rheum Dis 69(7):1367\u20131369","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"5341_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205003","volume":"74","author":"MC Kortekaas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kortekaas MC, Kwok W-Y, Reijnierse M, Kloppenburg M (2015) Inflammatory ultrasound features show independent associations with progression of structural damage after over 2 years of follow-up in patients with hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 74(9):1720\u20131724","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5341_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200341","volume":"71","author":"IK Haugen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haugen IK, B\u00f8yesen P, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Sesseng S, van der Heijde D, Kvien TK (2012) Associations between MRI-defined synovitis, bone marrow lesions and structural features and measures of pain and physical function in hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 71(6):899\u2013904","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"5341_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.02.790","volume":"25","author":"R Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu R, Damman W, Reijnierse M, Bloem JL, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M (2017 Jul 1) Bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in hand osteoarthritis are associated with pain and interact with synovitis. Osteoarthr Cartil 25(7):1093\u20131099","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209036","volume":"76","author":"W Damman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Damman W, Liu R, Bloem JL, Rosendaal FR, Reijnierse M, Kloppenburg M (2017) Bone marrow lesions and synovitis on MRI associate with radiographic progression after 2 years in hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 76(1):214\u2013217","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080104","volume":"8","author":"RL Lipson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Lipson RL, Baldes EJ, Anderson JA, Polley HF (1965) Osmotic pressure gradients and joint effusions. Arthritis Rheum 8(1):29\u201337","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"5341_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.05.021","volume":"83","author":"DJ Rutherford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rutherford DJ (2014) Intra-articular pressures and joint mechanics: should we pay attention to effusion in knee osteoarthritis? Med Hypotheses 83(3):292\u2013295","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.170","volume":"8","author":"M Kloppenburg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kloppenburg M, Kwok W-Y (2012) Hand osteoarthritis\u2014a heterogeneous disorder. Nat Rev Rheumatol 8(1):22\u201331","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5341_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201458","volume":"72","author":"MC Kortekaas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kortekaas MC, Kwok W-Y, Reijnierse M, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M (2013) In erosive hand osteoarthritis more inflammatory signs on ultrasound are found than in the rest of hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 72(6):930\u2013934","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5341_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.10.3.347","volume":"10","author":"RW Parnell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Parnell RW (1951) Knee effusion in young adults as an early sign of degenerative arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 10(3):347\u2013352","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5341_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2808-1","volume":"47","author":"CA Agten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agten CA, Rosskopf AB, Jonczy M, Brunner F, Pfirrmann CWA, Buck FM (2018) Frequency of inflammatory-like MR imaging findings in asymptomatic fingers of healthy volunteers. Skelet Radiol 47(2):279\u2013287","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5341_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.144527","volume":"70","author":"IK Haugen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haugen IK, Lillegraven S, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Haavardsholm EA, Sesseng S, Kvien TK, van der Heijde D, B\u00f8yesen P (2011) Hand osteoarthritis and MRI: development and first validation step of the proposed Oslo Hand Osteoarthritis MRI score. Ann Rheum Dis 70(6):1033\u20131038","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5341_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131086","volume":"41","author":"IK Haugen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haugen IK, \u00d8stergaard M, Eshed I, McQueen FM, Bird P, Gandjbakhch F et al (2014) Iterative development and reliability of the OMERACT hand osteoarthritis MRI scoring system. J Rheumatol 41(2):386\u2013391","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5341_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.134932","volume":"70","author":"R Wittoek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wittoek R, Jans L, Lambrecht V, Carron P, Verstraete K, Verbruggen G (2011) Reliability and construct validity of ultrasonography of soft tissue and destructive changes in erosive osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints: a comparison with MRI. Ann Rheum Dis 70(2):278\u2013283","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"5341_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170208","volume":"44","author":"W Damman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Damman W, Liu R, Kroon FPB, Reijnierse M, Huizinga TWJ, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M (2017) Do comorbidities play a role in hand osteoarthritis disease burden? Data from the hand osteoarthritis in secondary care cohort. J Rheumatol 44(11):1659\u20131666","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5341_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","volume":"16","author":"JH Kellgren","year":"1957","unstructured":"Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS (1957) Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 16(4):494\u2013502","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.015","volume":"22","author":"MC Kortekaas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kortekaas MC, Kwok W-Y, Reijnierse M, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M (2014) Follow-up study of inflammatory ultrasound features in hand osteoarthritis over a period of 3 months: variable as well as constant. Osteoarthr Cartil 22(1):40\u201343","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"5341_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205949","volume":"75","author":"IK Haugen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haugen IK, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, B\u00f8yesen P, Sesseng S, van der Heijde D, Kvien TK (2016) MRI findings predict radiographic progression and development of erosions in hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 75(1):117\u2013123","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"5341_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.03.007","volume":"27","author":"S van Beest","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Beest S, Damman W, Liu R, Reijnierse M, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M (2019) In finger osteoarthritis, change in synovitis is associated with change in pain on a joint-level; a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Osteoarthr Cartil 27(7):1048\u20131056","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1630194011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05341-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by the LUMC medical ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval information"}}]}}