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To corroborate this, a set of well-characterized RA families originating from northern Sweden were analyzed for differential expression of a selected set of microRNAs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MicroRNA was isolated from frozen peripheral blood cells obtained from 21 different families and included 26 RA patients, 22 FDRs, and 21 HCs. Expression of the selected microRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-34a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155, miR-346, and miR-451a was determined by a two-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis including clinical variables was applied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of the nine selected microRNAs that previously have been linked to RA, we confirmed four after adjusting for age and gender, i.e., miR-22-3p (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020), miR-26b-5p (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), miR-142-3p (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), and miR-155 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033). Moreover, a significant trend with an intermediate microRNA expression in FDR was observed for the same four microRNAs. In addition, analysis of the effect of corticosteroid use showed modulation of miR-103a-3p expression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We confirm that microRNAs seem to be involved in the development of RA, and that the expression pattern in FDR is partly overlapping with RA patients. The contribution of single microRNAs in relation to the complex network including all microRNAs and other molecules is still to be revealed.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Expression levels of miR-22-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-155 were significantly altered in RA patients compared to those in controls.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 In first-degree relatives, a significant trend with an intermediate microRNA expression in FDR was observed for the same four microRNAs.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                    <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05502-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T20:03:49Z","timestamp":1605729829000},"page":"2387-2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Dysregulated microRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis families\u2014a comparison between rheumatoid arthritis patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Renman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3965-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisbeth","family":"\u00c4rlestig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solbritt","family":"Rantap\u00e4\u00e4-Dahlqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5025-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Lejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9746","key":"5502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","volume":"376","author":"DL Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW (2010) Rheumatoid arthritis. 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