{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:41:16Z","timestamp":1781062876430,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T21:02:43Z","timestamp":1614027763000},"page":"3135-3141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Frequency, pattern, and associations of generalized osteoarthritis among Nigerians with knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akpabio","family":"Akpabio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Akintayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Yerima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakeem","family":"Olaosebikan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emaediong","family":"Akpan-Ekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udeme","family":"Ekrikpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndanyongmong","family":"Akpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olufemi","family":"Adelowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199642489.003.0139","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology","author":"A Abhishek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abhishek A, Michael D (2013) Clinical features of osteoarthritis. In: Watts RA, Conaghan P, Denton C, Foster H, Isaacs J, Muller-Ladner U (eds) Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1174\u20131175","edition":"4"},{"key":"5605_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","volume":"29","author":"R Altman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, Bole G, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Christy W, Cooke TD, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, Howell D, Kaplan D, Koopman W, Longley S, Mankin H, McShane DJ, Medsger T, Meenan R, Mikkelsen W, Moskowitz R, Murphy W, Rothschild B, Segal M, Sokoloff L, Wolfe F (1986) Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 29:1039\u20131049","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.001","volume":"48","author":"TR Gullo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gullo TR, Golightly YM, Cleveland RJ, Renner JB, Callahan LF, Jordan JM, Kraus VB, Nelson AE (2019) Defining multiple joint osteoarthritis, its frequency and impact in a community-based cohort. Semin Arthritis Rheum 48:950\u2013957","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084772","volume":"68","author":"W Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang W, Doherty M, Leeb BF, Alekseeva L, Arden NK, Bijlsma JW, Dincer F, Dziedzic K, Hauselmann HJ, Kaklamanis P, Kloppenburg M, Lohmander LS, Maheu E, Martin-Mola E, Pavelka K, Punzi L, Reiter S, Smolen J, Verbruggen G, Watt I, Zimmermann-Gorska I, ESCISIT (2009) EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis: report of a task force of ESCISIT. Ann Rheum Dis 68:8\u201317","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR5","unstructured":"WHO | Chronic rheumatic conditions. WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/topics\/rheumatic\/en\/. Accessed 12 February 2020"},{"key":"5605_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson AE, Smith MW, Golightly YM, Jordan JM (2014) \u201cGeneralized osteoarthritis\u201d: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 43:713\u2013720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.12.007"},{"key":"5605_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/24.4.321","volume":"24","author":"SW Brighton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brighton SW, de la Harpe AL, Van Staden DA (1985) The prevalence of osteoarthrosis in a rural African community. Br J Rheumatol 24:321\u2013325","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5605_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.1.20","volume":"50","author":"AO Adebajo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Adebajo AO (1991) Pattern of osteoarthritis in a West African teaching hospital. Ann Rheum Dis 50:20\u201322","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR9","first-page":"175","volume":"5","author":"OO Adelowo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Adelowo OO (1986) Patterns of degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis) in Ibadan. West Afr J Med 5:175\u2013178","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"5605_CR10","first-page":"13","volume":"2","author":"DA Ibrahim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ibrahim DA, Borodo MM, Adelowo OO (2014) Clinical pattern of knee osteoarthritis in patients seen at rheumatology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northwestern Nigeria. Afr J Rheumatol 2:13\u201317","journal-title":"Afr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5605_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37775","volume":"65","author":"AE Nelson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Renner JB, Schwartz TA, Kraus VB, Helmick CG, Jordan JM (2013) Brief report: differences in multijoint symptomatic osteoarthritis phenotypes by race and sex: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. Arthritis Rheum 65:373\u2013377","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)45:2<183::AID-ANR172>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"45","author":"P Okma-Keulen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okma-Keulen P, Hopman-Rock M (2001) The onset of generalized osteoarthritis in older women: a qualitative approach. Arthritis Care Res 45:183\u2013190","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"5605_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30610","volume":"63","author":"AE Nelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelson AE, Renner JB, Schwartz TA, Kraus VB, Helmick CG, Jordan JM (2011) Differences in multijoint radiographic osteoarthritis phenotypes among African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis project. Arthritis Rheum 63:3843\u20133852","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3170-8","volume":"35","author":"\u00d6 Ta\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ta\u015fo\u011flu \u00d6, B\u00f6l\u00fck H, Onat \u015e\u015e et al (2016) Is blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio an independent predictor of knee osteoarthritis severity? Clin Rheumatol 35:1579\u20131583","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5605_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6073","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006073","volume":"96","author":"\u00d6 Ta\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ta\u015fo\u011flu \u00d6, \u015eahin A, Karata\u015f G, Koyuncu E, Ta\u015fo\u011flu \u0130, Tecimel O, \u00d6zgirgin N (2017) Blood mean platelet volume and platelet lymphocyte ratio as new predictors of hip osteoarthritis severity. Medicine 96(6):e6073","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5605_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher AA, Laing JE, Stoeckel JE, Townsend J (1991) Handbook for family planning operations research design, second edition. Population Council, New York","DOI":"10.31899\/rh10.1040"},{"key":"5605_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/2276-7096.123607","volume":"15","author":"LA Adebusoye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adebusoye LA, Ogunbode AM, Alonge TO (2013) Magnitude of knee osteoarthritis and associated risk factors among adult patients presenting in a family practice clinic in Nigeria. J Trop Med 15:144\u201350","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"5605_CR18","first-page":"1833","volume":"15","author":"N Bellamy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH et al (1988) Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Rheumatology 15:1833\u20131840","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"5605_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","volume":"46","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD (1989) The Fatigue Severity Scale: application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol 46:1121\u20131123","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"5605_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331101","volume":"33","author":"R Altman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D, Bloch D, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Brown C, Cooke TD, Daniel W, Gray R, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, Howell D, Ike R, Kapila P, Kaplan D, Koopman W, Longley S, Mcshane DJ, Medsger T, Michel B, Murphy W, Osial T, Ramsey-Goldman R, Rothschild B, Stark K, Wolfe F (1990) The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand. Arthritis Rheum 33:1601\u20131610","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340502","volume":"34","author":"R Altman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D et al (1991) The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum 34:505\u2013514","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5605_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","volume":"16","author":"JH Kellgren","year":"1957","unstructured":"Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS (1957) Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 16:494\u2013502","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/ssajm.ssajm_10_18","volume":"5","author":"A Umar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Umar A, Adelowo OO, Okpapi JO, Omuya UB (2018) Effect of obesity on self-reported pain and functional disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis in Zaria, North Western Nigeria. Sub-Saharan Afr J Med 5:52\u201358","journal-title":"Sub-Saharan Afr J Med"},{"key":"5605_CR24","first-page":"34","volume":"6","author":"A Yerima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yerima A, Adelowo O, Mustapha SK (2018) Prevalence and pattern of knee osteoarthritis in patients presenting at a rheumatology clinic of a tertiary hospital in north east Nigeria. Afr J Rheumatol 6:34\u201340","journal-title":"Afr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5605_CR25","first-page":"34","volume":"6","author":"AO Akinpelu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akinpelu AO, Maduagwu SM, Odele AC et al (2018) Prevalence and pattern of knee osteoarthritis in a North Eastern Nigerian rural community. East Afr Orthop J 6:34\u201340","journal-title":"East Afr Orthop J"},{"key":"5605_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000245568.69434.1a","volume":"85","author":"SV Garstang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garstang SV, Stitik TP (2006) Osteoarthritis: epidemiology, risk factors, and patho physiology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 85:S2\u2013S11","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"5605_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spector TD, Campion GD (1989) Generalised osteoarthritis: a hormonally mediated disease. Ann Rheum Dis 48:523\u2013527","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.6.523"},{"key":"5605_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2702-3","volume":"34","author":"MD Bija","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bija MD, Luma HN, Temfack E, Gueleko ET, Kemta F, Ngandeu M (2015) Patterns of knee osteoarthritis in a hospital setting in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Rheumatol 34:1949\u20131953","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"5605_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080675","volume":"36","author":"VL Joshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joshi VL, Chopra A (2009) Is there an urban-rural divide? Population surveys of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders in the Pune region of India using the COPCORD Bhigwan model. J Rheumatol 36:614\u2013622","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5605_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.10.682","volume":"44","author":"WW Ebong","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ebong WW (1985) Osteoarthritis of the knee in Nigerians. Ann Rheum Dis 44:682\u2013684","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.09.024","volume":"78","author":"R Forestier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Forestier R, Francon A, Briole V, Genty C, Chevalier X, Richette P (2011) Prevalence of generalized osteoarthritis in a population with knee osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 78:275\u2013278","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"5605_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.10.012","volume":"16","author":"N Riyazi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riyazi N, Rosendaal FR, Slagboom E, Kroon HM, Breedveld FC, Kloppenburg M (2008) Risk factors in familial osteoarthritis: the GARP sibling study. Osteoarthr Cartil 16:654\u2013659","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"5605_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.1.8","volume":"50","author":"J Cushnaghan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cushnaghan J, Dieppe P (1991) Study of 500 patients with limb joint osteoarthritis. I. Analysis by age, sex, and distribution of symptomatic joint sites. Ann Rheum Dis 50:8\u201313","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther KP, St\u00fcrmer T, Sauerland S et al Prevalence of generalised osteoarthritis in patients with advanced hip and knee osteoarthritis: the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study. Ann Rheum Dis 57:717\u2013723","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.12.717"},{"key":"5605_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2012.10.007","volume":"39","author":"A Abhishek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abhishek A, Doherty M (2013) Diagnosis and clinical presentation of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 39:45\u201366","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5605_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117424","volume":"141","author":"JR Cerhan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Ei-khoury GY et al (1995) Decreased survival with increasing prevalence of full-body, radiographically defined osteoarthritis in women. Am J Epidemiol 141:225\u2013234","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5605_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4751.181","volume":"1","author":"JH Kellgren","year":"1952","unstructured":"Kellgren JH, Moore R (1952) Generalized osteoarthritis and Heberden\u2019s nodes. Br Med J 1:181\u2013187","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5605_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100971","volume":"38","author":"SC Vlad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vlad SC, Neogi T, Aliabadi P et al (2011) No association between markers of inflammation and osteoarthritis of the hands and knees. J Rheumatol 38:1665\u20131670","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T16:42:34Z","timestamp":1698684154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05605-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was granted, and informed consent obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors agreed to the final publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}