{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:28:23Z","timestamp":1786980503741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 81801630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 81801630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province","award":["No. H2018307047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. H2018307047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim at the current study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (RP) in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 333 new-onset pSS patients was performed. Demographic, clinical, and serological data were compared between individuals with and without RP. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RP was present in 11.41% of the pSS patients. pSS-RP patients were younger (49.74\u00b114.56 years vs. 54.46\u00b113.20 years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04) and exhibited higher disease activity (11 [5.75\u201315] vs. 7 [4\u201312],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03) than those without. The prevalence of lung involvement was significantly higher in pSS patients with RP (60.53% vs. 17.29%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). A significantly higher proportion of patients with pSS-RP tested positive about antinuclear (ANA), anti-RNP, and anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) compared to those without (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.003, &lt;0.001, and 0.01, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified lung involvement (odds ratio [OR]=8.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02\u201338.47;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04), anti-RNP positive status (OR=79.41, 95% CI 12.57\u2013501.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001), as well as ACA (OR=13.17, 95% CI 2.60\u201366.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002) as prognostic factors for pSS-RP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of RP defined a subset of pSS with a unique phenotype, manifesting as increased lung involvement and a higher frequency of anti-RNP antibodies and ACA, as well as greater disease activity. These results suggest that RP has clinical and prognostic value of pSS patients. Further prospective studies with a larger number of subjects are warranted to confirm our findings and assess the prognostic and treatment implications of RP in pSS patients.\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (RP) was present in 38 (11.41%) of 333 patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS), with patients with RP exhibiting a younger age and higher disease activity.<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>The presence of RP indicates a subset of pSS with a unique phenotype, with manifestations including increased lung involvement and a higher frequency of anti-RNP antibodies and anti-centromere antibodies.<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Patients with pSS and RP need close follow-up and long-term observation (including assessment of microangiopathy), with specific attention paid to the possible development of clinical features of systemic sclerosis.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05749-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T01:33:46Z","timestamp":1619660026000},"page":"4081-4087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical features and risk factors of Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuying","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashuang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66990-5","volume":"366","author":"RI Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox RI (2005) Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. 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