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The aim of this study was to evaluate abatacept (ABA) effectiveness and safety in patients with RA-ILD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RA-ILD patients who started ABA treatment were consecutively enrolled. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), clinical, laboratory and respiratory function variables were collected at baseline and after 18\u00a0months of ABA treatment. HRCT abnormalities were evaluated using a computer-aided method (CaM). ABA response was established based on the change in the percentage of fibrosis evaluated at HRCT-CaM, dividing patients into \u201cworsened\u201d (progression\u2009\u2265\u200915%), \u201cimproved\u201d (reduction\u2009\u2265\u200915%), and \u201cstable\u201d (changes within the 15% range). The multivariate regression model was used to assess the associations between RA characteristics and ABA response.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-four patients (81% women, mean age 59.1\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0, mean disease duration of 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u00a0years) were studied. Five patients (11.4%) showed RA-ILD progression, 32 patients (72.6%) were considered stable, and 7 patients (16.0%) showed an RA-ILD improvement. The proportion of current smokers was significantly different between \u201cworsened\u201d patients, respect to those defined as \"improved\/stable\u201d (p\u2009=\u20090.01). Current smoking habit (p\u2009=\u20090.005) and concomitant methotrexate treatment (p\u2009=\u20090.0078) were the two variables related to RA-ILD progression in multivariate regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Treatment with ABA is associated with a RA-ILD stability or improvement in the 88.6% of patients. Current smoking habit and concomitant treatment with methotrexate are the modifiable factors associated with RA-ILD worsening.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Abatacept plays a favourable role in the control of RA-ILD, with a significant worsening in only 11.4% of patients during a 18-month follow-up period.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 The predictive variables related to RA-ILD progression during abatacept therapy are the concomitant treatment with methotrexate and current smoking habit.\n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                    <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05854-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1627365761000},"page":"4861-4867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: short-term outcomes and predictors of progression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4764-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Tardella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0906-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Carotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5264-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Giovagnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3794-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Salaffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5854_CR1","first-page":"819","volume":"23","author":"F Salaffi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salaffi F, De Angelis R, Grassi W (2005) MArche Pain Prevalence INvestigation Group (MAPPING) study. 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