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We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and tested internal consistency (ordinal and Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficients) and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient\u00a0(2,1)) in ARMS scores across three timepoints (baseline, 6, and 12\u00a0months) in 487 people with gout. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, Spearman\u2019s rank, Kendall\u2019s tau-b correlations, and logistic regression were used to examine the criterion-related validity of the ARMS and factors associated with the ARMS. EFA suggested a one-factor structure, explaining 43.2% of total variance. High internal consistency (ordinal alpha\u2009=\u20090.902 at baseline) and moderate agreement in ARMS scores over time (ICCs\u2009&gt;\u20090.5; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were observed. Lower ARMS scores (indicating better adherence) predicted achieving target serum urate (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83\u20130.95; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not urate-lowering therapy (ULT) adherence (Proportion of Days Covered (PDC)\u2009\u2265\u200980%) (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81\u20131.05; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.261). Negative correlations between ARMS and PDC were not statistically significant (Kendall\u2019s tau-b, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.126, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.078; Spearman\u2019s rho\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.173, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.073). Differences in median ARMS scores (IQR) of 16 (14\u201320), 13 (12\u201315), and 17.5 (15\u201321) in three groups of participants who reported (1) not taking ULT, (2) taking ULT and adherent, and (3) taking ULT but not adherent, respectively, were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Age was the only patient factor independently associated with optimal adherence (ARMS score\u2009=\u200912) (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.50\u20132.43; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The ARMS is a reliable and valid measure of medication adherence behaviours in people with gout, justifying its use in gout medication adherence research.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"3\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Valid, practical, and efficient methods of measuring adherence to medications are needed in people with gout.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Commonly used medication adherence questionnaires have limited validity or have not been validated in people with gout.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 The Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) has been proven valid and practical in many chronic illnesses but has not been validated in people with gout.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 We showed the ARMS is valid and reliable for use in people with gout.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07050-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T11:03:10Z","timestamp":1721041390000},"page":"2943-2954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Psychometric evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) in Australians living with gout"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6045-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard O.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Coleshill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1134-0807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eindra","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"7050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0441-1","volume":"16","author":"M Dehlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dehlin M, Jacobsson L, Roddy E (2020) Global epidemiology of gout: prevalence, incidence, treatment patterns and risk factors. 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