{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:17:12Z","timestamp":1773015432688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515011922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate whether the testing time for unstimulated whole salivary flow (UWSF) can be shortened to 5\u00a0min in patients with suspected Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SjS); and which SjS patients can use UWSF to evaluate salivary gland (SG) secretory function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A diagnostic cohort comprising suspected SjS patients was conducted to investigate the correlation between UWSF measurements taken at 10\u00a0min (UWSF_10\u00a0min) and those taken at 5\u00a0min (UWSF_5\u00a0min). A group of SjS patients was enrolled for a comparison between UWSF and stimulated whole salivary flow (SWSF).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 734 suspected SjS patients, there was a remarkably high concordance between UWSF_10\u00a0min and UWSF_5\u00a0min (<jats:italic>ICC<\/jats:italic> 0.970, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> 0.973, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Reducing the testing time for UWSF to 5\u00a0min resulted in a high PPV of 83.8% and an exceptionally high NPV of 98.7%. In 408 SjS patients, the cut-off values of UWSF_10\u00a0min were investigated to classify SG secretory function. Using a threshold of\u2009&gt;\u20090.2\u00a0mL\/min (36.8%, 150\/408) instead of SWSF\u2009&gt;\u20090.7\u00a0mL\/min (indicating mild secretory hypofunction), the specificity and PPV were found to be 94.2% and 94.0%, respectively; and using a threshold of\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u00a0mL\/min (16.9%, 69\/408) instead of SWSF\u2009\u2264\u20090.7\u00a0mL\/min (indicating moderate to severe secretory hypofunction), the specificity was remarkably high at 97.6%, accompanied by a high PPV of 91.3%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study supports the possibility of reducing UWSF testing time to 5\u00a0min; and the SWSF test may be skipped for SjS patients with USWF\u2009&gt;\u20090.2\u00a0mL\/min, indicating mild secretory hypofunction, or\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u00a0mL\/min, indicating moderate to severe secretory hypofunction.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022<jats:italic>A diagnostic cohort of 734 patients with clinical suspicion of SjS provides compelling evidence for the potential to reduce the testing time for UWSF from 10 to 5 min.<\/jats:italic>\u2022<jats:italic>Our finding challenges the 2019 treatment recommendation for SjS, which does not require SWSF measurement in SjS patients with UWSF \u2265 0.1 mL\/min.<\/jats:italic>\u2022<jats:italic>We propose that it may be feasible to consider utilizing UWSF instead of SWSF test for objective classification of SG secretory function in over half of SjS patients.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                    <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07132-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:01:54Z","timestamp":1728284514000},"page":"3771-3780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can unstimulated whole salivary flow objectively classify salivary gland secretory function in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Li-Qin","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing-Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ming","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Yuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Qian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7132_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206860","volume":"74","author":"D Cornec","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cornec D, Chiche L (2015) Is primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome an orphan disease? 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