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This study aimed to describe the characteristics of PJP in patients with various systemic vasculitides and explore potential prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data on 62 enrolled PJP patients with systemic vasculitis were analyzed. Patients were stratified based on the outcomes. Prognostic factors were investigated using Cox-regression models. Characteristics of patients with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD) were compared.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 62 vasculitis-PJP patients, 48 had anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) being the most common subtype (28 patients). MPA (HR 4.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), concomitant aspergillosis (HR 2.68, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019), and higher D-dimer at PJP diagnosis (HR 1.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) were independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival. Stable disease activity of vasculitis was an independent favorable prognostic factor (HR 0.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). Patients with MPA were older than non-MPA patients (median age: 69 vs. 58\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001); both ILD and fibrotic ILD were more prevalent in MPA patients (ILD: 78.6% vs. 35.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; fibrotic ILD: 57.1% vs. 11.8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At the diagnosis of PJP, patients with preexisting ILD had higher counts of white cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as higher levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA, than patients without preexisting ILD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MPA was associated with a higher risk of death in patients with vasculitis-PJP, possibly due to a higher prevalence of ILD. In clinical practice, we should pay more attention to the prophylaxis and management of PJP in patients with systemic vasculitis-associated ILD and\/or MPA.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>Data from this study showed that MPA was the most common subtype of vasculitis among vasculitis-PJP patients<\/jats:italic>.\u2022 <jats:italic>Compared with non-MPA patients in this study, patients with MPA were older, had more ILD and fibrotic ILD, and had a poorer prognosis<\/jats:italic>.\u2022 <jats:italic>In clinical practice, we should pay more attention to the prophylaxis and management of PJP in patients with systemic vasculitis-associated ILD and\/or MPA<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                    <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07149-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T05:01:39Z","timestamp":1726894899000},"page":"3419-3429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prognostic analysis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with systemic vasculitides: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ruxuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"7149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080812","volume":"9","author":"T Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue T, Kong X, Ma L (2023) Trends in the epidemiology of pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. 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