{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:24:25Z","timestamp":1780097065569,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of systemic lupus erythematosus Risk Probability Index (SLERPI) in Egyptian patients with SLE using a national rheumatology database.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR) database comprised of 1,162 patients with SLE and 4,327 with miscellaneous rheumatological diseases who were recruited from the Rheumatology Departments across the country. The diagnosis of SLE was established by expert rheumatologists. Variables of the SLERPI were extracted and recorded as present or absent for each patient. The absolute value for the SLERPI score was calculated for each patient, and the diagnosis of SLE was accounted for if the score was greater than 7 points.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 1,162 SLE patients evaluated, 1,031 (88.7%) patients were diagnosed with SLE according to the SLERPI, with an average score of 13.1 (3.8). Differences in the 14 SLERPI variables were significant between the SLE-SLERPI groups, except for the presence of leukopenia and positive ANA. As a score reduction item, the SLE-SLERPI\u2009&gt;\u20097 group had lower interstitial lung diseases. Patients diagnosed with SLE according to SLERPI had significantly higher disease activity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and this group more commonly received corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil. Compared to other miscellaneous rheumatological groups, all 14 SLERPI items are indeed more common in the SLE group. In terms of the overall performance of SLERPI in the diagnosis of SLE, the accuracy of SLERPI was 91.9% (95% CI 90.9%\u201492.9%), with a specificity of 96.95% and sensitivity of 86.9%. SLERPI showed that accuracy went up to 93.3% (95%CI 92.4%-94.2%), with a specificity of 94.9% and a sensitivity of 91.6% when patients with connective tissue diseases were taken out of the study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using a large cohort of SLE, the SLERPI revealed excellent diagnostic efficacy and specificity. The use of SLERPI in clinical practice may contribute to improved patient diagnosis and prognosis.<jats:table-wrap>\n                <jats:table>\n                  <jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                        <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>SLERPI's performance has high diagnostic efficiency in Egyptian SLE patients.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>SLERPI score can efficiently distinguish patients with SLE from other CTDs.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Within the SLERPI score, interstitial lung disease is the lowest predictor of SLE.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody>\n                <\/jats:table>\n              <\/jats:table-wrap>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:19:47Z","timestamp":1730690387000},"page":"207-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Performance of the systemic lupus erythematosus risk probability index (SLERPI) in the Egyptian college of rheumatology (ECR) study cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nevin","family":"Hammam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elsaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam","family":"Abualfadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Senara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada M.","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona H.","family":"Abd-Elsamea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhfeez","family":"Moshrif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Hammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer A.","family":"Gheita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Tharwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR) Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"7210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.135186","volume":"69","author":"GK Bertsias","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertsias GK, Salmon JE, Boumpas DT (2010) Therapeutic opportunities in systemic lupus erythematosus: state of the art and prospects for the new decade. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1603\u20131611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2010.135186","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","volume":"17","author":"MRW Barber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barber MRW, Drenkard C, Falasinnu T et al (2021) Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 17:515\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"7210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23021","volume":"69","author":"F Rees","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rees F, Doherty M, Lanyon P et al (2017) Early Clinical Features in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Can They Be Used to Achieve Earlier Diagnosis? A Risk Prediction Model. Arthritis Care Res 69:833\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"7210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320983445","volume":"30","author":"A Kernder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kernder A, Richter JG, Fischer-Betz R et al (2021) Delayed diagnosis adversely affects outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: Cross sectional analysis of the LuLa cohort. Lupus 30:431\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203320983445","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"7210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.11.001","volume":"96","author":"A Fava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fava A, Petri M (2019) Systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis and clinical management. J Autoimmun 96:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.11.001","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7210_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000740","volume":"32","author":"M Aringer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aringer M, Petri M (2020) New classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 32:590\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000740","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102845","volume":"132","author":"M Aringer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, D\u00f6rner T, Johnson SR (2022) Advances in SLE classification criteria. J Autoimmun 132:102845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102845","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.349","volume":"34","author":"K-J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim K-J, Tagkopoulos I (2019) Application of machine learning in rheumatic disease research. Korean J Intern Med 34:708\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2018.349","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"7210_CR9","first-page":"176","volume":"2016","author":"DJ Odgers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odgers DJ, Tellis N, Hall H, Dumontier M (2016) Using LASSO Regression to Predict Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Efficacy. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci 2016:176\u2013183","journal-title":"AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci"},{"key":"7210_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23140","volume":"69","author":"JA Walsh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walsh JA, Shao Y, Leng J et al (2017) Identifying Axial Spondyloarthritis in Electronic Medical Records of US Veterans. Arthritis Care Res 69:1414\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23140","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"7210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.01.002","volume":"49","author":"A Jorge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jorge A, Castro VM, Barnado A et al (2019) Identifying lupus patients in electronic health records: Development and validation of machine learning algorithms and application of rule-based algorithms. Semin Arthritis Rheum 49:84\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.01.002","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219069","volume":"80","author":"C Adamichou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adamichou C, Genitsaridi I, Nikolopoulos D et al (2021) Lupus or not? SLE Risk Probability Index (SLERPI): a simple, clinician-friendly machine learning-based model to assist the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 80:758\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219069","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220262","volume":"82","author":"C Adamichou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adamichou C, Bertsias G (2023) Response to: \u2019Correspondence on \u201cLupus or not? SLE Risk Probability Index (SLERPI): a simple, clinician-friendly machine learning-based model to assist the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus\u201d by Batu et al. Ann Rheum Dis 82:e145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220262","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000988","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-000988","volume":"10","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Lu W, Yan D et al (2023) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Probability Index: ready for routine use? Results from a Chinese cohort. Lupus Sci Med 10:e000988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2023-000988","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"7210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac120","volume":"61","author":"BCH Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan BCH, Tang I, Bonin J et al (2022) The performance of different classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in a real-world rheumatology department. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 61:4509\u20134513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac120","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"7210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac005","volume":"61","author":"A Erden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erden A, Apayd\u0131n H, Fanouriakis A et al (2022) Performance of the systemic lupus erythematosus risk probability index in a cohort of undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 61:3606\u20133613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac005","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"7210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211014253","volume":"30","author":"TA Gheita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gheita TA, Noor RA, Abualfadl E et al (2021) Adult systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt: The nation-wide spectrum of 3661 patients and world-wide standpoint. Lupus 30:1526\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09612033211014253","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"7210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","volume":"64","author":"M Petri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petri M, Orbai A-M, Alarc\u00f3n GS et al (2012) Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 64:2677\u20132686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.34473","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.32457\/ijmss.2014.042","volume":"1","author":"M Cant\u00edn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cant\u00edn M (2014) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Reviewing the latest version. Int J Med Surg Sci 1:339\u2013346","journal-title":"Int J Med Surg Sci"},{"key":"7210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606","volume":"35","author":"C Bombardier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB et al (1992) Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 35:630\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780350606","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303","volume":"39","author":"D Gladman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gladman D, Ginzler E, Goldsmith C et al (1996) The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics\/American College of Rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 39:363\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780390303","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v29","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa382","volume":"59","author":"L Arnaud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnaud L, Tektonidou MG (2020) Long-term outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: trends over time and major contributors. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 59:v29\u2013v38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa382","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"7210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020243","volume":"10","author":"M Piga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piga M, Arnaud L (2021) The Main Challenges in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Where Do We Stand? J Clin Med 10:243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10020243","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24430","volume":"73","author":"N Aljaberi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aljaberi N, Nguyen K, Strahle C et al (2021) Performance of the New 2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children and Young Adults. Arthritis Care Res 73:580\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24430","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"7210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217162","volume":"79","author":"SR Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson SR, Brinks R, Costenbader KH et al (2020) Performance of the 2019 EULAR\/ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in early disease, across sexes and ethnicities. Ann Rheum Dis 79:1333\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217162","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.021","volume":"48\u201349","author":"A Kuhn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuhn A, Landmann A (2014) The classification and diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 48\u201349:14\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.021","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310811","volume":"31","author":"JP Callen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Callen JP, Klein J (1988) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, serologic, immunogenetic, and therapeutic considerations in seventy-two patients. Arthritis Rheum 31:1007\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780310811","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.030","volume":"92","author":"DT Alniemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alniemi DT, Gutierrez A, Drage LA, Wetter DA (2017) Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Characteristics, Disease Associations, Treatments, and Outcomes in a Series of 90 Patients at Mayo Clinic, 1996\u20132011. Mayo Clin Proc 92:406\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.030","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"7210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1987.tb00108.x","volume":"17","author":"C Weinstein","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weinstein C, Miller MH, Axtens R et al (1987) Lupus and non-lupus cutaneous manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Aust N Z J Med 17:501\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1987.tb00108.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"7210_CR30","first-page":"447","volume":"86","author":"EM Hay","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hay EM, Bacon PA, Gordon C et al (1993) The BILAG index: a reliable and valid instrument for measuring clinical disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med 86:447\u2013458","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"7210_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320909","volume":"32","author":"MH Liang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Liang MH, Socher SA, Larson MG, Schur PH (1989) Reliability and validity of six systems for the clinical assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 32:1107\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr.1780320909","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000291","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000291","volume":"5","author":"JSS Concha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Concha JSS, Werth VP (2018) Alopecias in lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 5:e000291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2018-000291","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"7210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.004","volume":"48\u201349","author":"C Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu C, Gershwin ME, Chang C (2014) Diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: a critical review. J Autoimmun 48\u201349:10\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.004","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7210_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315627199","volume":"25","author":"F Conti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conti F, Ceccarelli F, Perricone C et al (2016) The chronic damage in systemic lupus erythematosus is driven by flares, glucocorticoids and antiphospholipid antibodies: results from a monocentric cohort. Lupus 25:719\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203315627199","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"7210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","volume":"25","author":"EM Tan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF et al (1982) The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25:1271\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780251101","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","volume":"40","author":"MC Hochberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochberg MC (1997) Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40:1725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780400928","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7210_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313519159","volume":"23","author":"R Sakthiswary","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakthiswary R, Suresh E (2014) Methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of its efficacy. Lupus 23:225\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203313519159","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"7210_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14053","volume":"31","author":"A Kuhn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuhn A, Aberer E, Bata-Cs\u00f6rg\u0151 Z et al (2017) S2k guideline for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 31:389\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.14053","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"key":"7210_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.07.015","volume":"135","author":"N Kapsala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kapsala N, Nikolopoulos D, Flouda S et al (2022) First Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Hospitalized Patients: Clinical Phenotypes and Pitfalls for the Non-Specialist. Am J Med 135:244-253.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.07.015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"7210_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101895","volume":"37","author":"G-S Moysidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moysidou G-S, Mastrogiorgakis D, Boumpas D, Bertsias G (2023) Management of systemic lupus erythematosus: A new scenario. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 37:101895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101895","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7210_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101938","volume":"37","author":"M Piga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piga M, Tselios K, Viveiros L et al (2023) Clinical patterns of disease: From early systemic lupus erythematosus to late-onset disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 37:101938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101938","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7210_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05803-7","volume":"40","author":"EI Abdelhady","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelhady EI, Rabie M, Hassan RA (2021) Validity of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity score (SLE-DAS) for definition of lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS). Clin Rheumatol 40:4553\u20134558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05803-7","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7210_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218670","volume":"80","author":"LP Whittall Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whittall Garcia LP, Gladman DD, Urowitz M et al (2021) New EULAR\/ACR 2019 SLE Classification Criteria: defining ominosity in SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 80:767\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218670","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T13:40:29Z","timestamp":1736775629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07210-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the principles indicated in the Helsinki Declaration [], and the Institutional Research Board of the Faculty of Medicine at Mansoura University approved the study protocol (Approval No. R.24.07.2699) prior to its execution. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. Enrollment in the study was completely optional and always maintained strict confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}