{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:54:28Z","timestamp":1789239268007,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research  Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX10201302-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10201302-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014ZX10003003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014ZX10003003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Systemic vasculitis patients are at a higher risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, there is currently no literature elucidating the positivity rate and risk factors for LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study is a multi-center, cross-sectional study that enrolled systemic vasculitis patients from 13 comprehensive hospitals in China. T-SPOT.TB as the screening method for LTBI, the study investigated the positivity rate of LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients and the factors associated with T-SPOT.TB results.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 191 systemic vasculitis patients were included and the positive rate of T-SPOT.TB was 31.4%. The highest T-SPOT.TB positivity rate was observed in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome (BD) (72\/191, 37.7%). There were statistically significant differences between the LTBI group and non-LTBI group in terms of systemic vasculitis type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), albumin levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), and corticosteroid dosage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that smoking history (aOR\u2009=\u20093.809, 95%CI: 1.341\u201310.817) and BD (aOR\u2009=\u20092.106, 95%CI: 1.042\u20134.254) were independent risk factors of T-SPOT.TB postive results, besides decreased lymphocyte count (aOR\u2009=\u20090.114, 95%CI: 0.013\u20130.973), and high-dose glucocorticoids use (aOR\u2009=\u20090.386, 95%CI: 0.149\u20131.003) were independent risk factors of T-SPOT.TB negative results.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of LTBI is high in systemic vasculitis patients, especially those with BD or smoking history. Patients with decreased lymphocyte counts and high-dose glucocorticoid use are more likely to have a negative T-SPOT.TB results. Therefore, LTBI screening should be performed based on the characteristics of the patient during the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:table-wrap>\n                <jats:table>\n                  <jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                        <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>We explored the positivity rate and risk factors of LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients from 13 hospitals in China.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>There were 191 systemic vasculitis patients in our study. The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB was 31.4%. The predominant type of systemic vasculitis was BD, with a T-SPOT.TB positive rate of 44.4%. The second type was TA, with a T-SPOT.TB positive rate of 25.0%.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>The prevalence of LTBI is high in systemic vasculitis patients, especially those with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome or smoking history. Decreased lymphocyte counts and high-dose glucocorticoid use are more likely to have a negative T-SPOT.TB results.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>LTBI screening using T-SPOT.TB should be conducted during the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody>\n                <\/jats:table>\n              <\/jats:table-wrap>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T22:33:25Z","timestamp":1737498805000},"page":"1269-1277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Systemic vasculitis with latent tuberculosis infection and associated factors: a cross-sectional multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baotong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiren","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8162-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ETHERTB study team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7279_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04818-5","volume":"39","author":"A Pedreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pedreira A, Santiago MB (2020) Association between takayasu arteritis and latent or active mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 39:1019\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-019-04818-5","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7279_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0739-4","volume":"38","author":"DR Brunner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunner DR, Zweifel SA, Barthelmes D, Meier F, Boni C (2018) Review of people with retinal vasculitis and positive quantiferon((r))-tb gold test in an area nonendemic for tuberculosis. Int Ophthalmol 38:2389\u20132395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-017-0739-4","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.05.004","volume":"72","author":"P Yap","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yap P, Tan K, Lim WY, Barkham T, Tan L, Chen MI et al (2018) Prevalence of and risk factors associated with latent tuberculosis in singapore: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Infect Dis 72:55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.05.004","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7279_CR4","first-page":"556","volume":"83","author":"P Sharma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma P, Sharma S, Baltaro R, Hurley J (2011) Systemic vasculitis. Am Fam Physician 83:556\u2013565","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"7279_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283025ec2","volume":"20","author":"J Keane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keane J, Bresnihan B (2008) Tuberculosis reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 20:443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283025ec2","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7279_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"GH Mazurek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Vernon A, Lobue P, Goldberg S, Castro K (2010) Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - united states, 2010. MMWR Recommend Rep 59:1\u201325","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend Rep"},{"key":"7279_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.04.013","volume":"54","author":"W Aksornchindarat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aksornchindarat W, Yodpinij N, Phetsuksiri B, Srisungngam S, Rudeeaneksin J, Bunchoo S et al (2021) T-spot(r).tb test and clinical risk scoring for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among thai healthcare workers. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 54:305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.04.013","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"7279_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12477","volume":"15","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yang Z, Bao X, Ma H, Ge Q, Zhang Y et al (2022) Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of quantiferon-tb gold plus and t-spot.tb in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in febrile patients. J Evid Based Med 15:97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jebm.12477","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"7279_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575650","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.575650","volume":"11","author":"Y Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo Y, Tang G, Yuan X, Lin Q, Mao L, Song H et al (2021) Combination of blood routine examination and t-spot.tb assay for distinguishing between active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:575650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.575650","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"7279_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20230207","volume":"46","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ma Y, Zou X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Zeng X et al (2024) Latent tuberculosis infection and associated factors in patients with rheumatic diseases: A multi-center, cross-sectional study. Chin J Antituberc 46:29\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20230207","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberc"},{"key":"7279_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302099","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2302099","volume":"13","author":"Z Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng Z, Li J, Rong Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang Y et al (2024) Incidence, risk factors for active tuberculosis infection and changes of igra in patients with takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study. Emerg Microb Infect 13:2302099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2024.2302099","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"},{"key":"7279_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223335","volume":"82","author":"GE Fragoulis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fragoulis GE, Nikiphorou E, Dey M, Zhao SS, Courvoisier DS, Arnaud L et al (2023) 2022 eular recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 82:742\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223335","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7279_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00848-23","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ma Y, Jiang N, Zou X, Zhang Y, Zhang F et al (2023) Latent tuberculosis infection and associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Microbiol Spectr 11:e84823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00848-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"7279_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kota NT, Shrestha S, Kashkary A, Samina P, Zwerling A (2023) The global expansion of ltbi screening and treatment programs: exploring gaps in the supporting economic evidence. Pathogens 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12030500","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030500"},{"key":"7279_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71085-0","volume":"15","author":"L Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao L, Lu W, Bai L, Wang X, Xu J, Catanzaro A et al (2015) Latent tuberculosis infection in rural china: baseline results of a population-based, multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 15:310\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71085-0","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7279_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2018.1444824","volume":"44","author":"Y Lopez-Hernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopez-Hernandez Y, Rivas-Santiago CE, Lopez JA, Mendoza-Almanza G, Hernandez-Pando R (2018) Tuberculosis and cigarette smoke exposure: an update of in vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Lung Res 44:113\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01902148.2018.1444824","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"7279_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13303","volume":"23","author":"WW Yew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yew WW, Yoshiyama T, Leung CC, Chan DP (2018) Epidemiological, clinical and mechanistic perspectives of tuberculosis in older people. Respirology 23:567\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.13303","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"7279_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01902","volume":"11","author":"Y Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le Y, Cao W, Zhou L, Fan X, Liu Q, Liu F et al (2020) Infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes both m1\/m2 polarization and mmp production in cigarette smoke-exposed macrophages. Front Immunol 11:1902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01902","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7279_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0522-0","volume":"18","author":"E Bazzan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bazzan E, Turato G, Tine M, Radu CM, Balestro E, Rigobello C et al (2017) Dual polarization of human alveolar macrophages progressively increases with smoking and copd severity. Respir Res 18:40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-017-0522-0","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"7279_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00043","volume":"2","author":"G Lugo-Villarino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lugo-Villarino G, Verollet C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Neyrolles O (2011) Macrophage polarization: convergence point targeted by mycobacterium tuberculosis and hiv. Front Immunol 2:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00043","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7279_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.10","volume":"5","author":"JW Ai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ai JW, Ruan QL, Liu QH, Zhang WH (2016) Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements. Emerg Microb Infect 5:e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emi.2016.10","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"},{"key":"7279_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221081","volume":"14","author":"A Sabri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabri A, Quistrebert J, Naji AH, Abid A, Zegmout A, Abderrhamani GI et al (2019) Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in morocco. PLoS ONE 14:e221081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221081","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7279_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102829","volume":"20","author":"CK Torp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torp CK, Bruner M, Keller KK, Brouwer E, Hauge EM, Mcgonagle D et al (2021) Vasculitis therapy refines vasculitis mechanistic classification. Autoimmun Rev 20:102829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102829","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"7279_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06452-0","volume":"42","author":"A Auanassova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Auanassova A, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Joshi M, Agarwal V et al (2023) Physicians\u2019 perceptions about antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: an online survey report in the time of the covid-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol 42:831\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-022-06452-0","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7279_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6985","volume":"139","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Su G, Zhou Q, Meguro A, Takeuchi M, Mizuki N et al (2021) Tuberculosis exposure with risk of behcet disease among patients with uveitis. Jama Ophthalmol 139:415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6985","journal-title":"Jama Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2010-311","volume":"51","author":"U Gazel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gazel U, Kocakaya D, Hicret TI, Omer KH, Karabacak M, Atagunduz MP et al (2021) Risk of tuberculosis is increased in behcet\u2019s disease compared to other rheumatological disorders after anti-tnfalpha treatments: a case series and review of the literature. Turk J Med Sci 51:1689\u20131694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-2010-311","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"7279_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0002","volume":"16","author":"Y Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen Y, Ma H, Luo D, Cai J, Zou J, Bao Z et al (2021) Behcet\u2019s disease with latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Open Med 16:14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2021-0002","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"7279_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1079","volume":"91","author":"S Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho S, Lee KJ, Lee JD, Bang D, Cho SB (2011) Detection of tuberculous lymphadenopathy by positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in a patient with behcet\u2019s disease. Acta Derm Venereol 91:470\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-1079","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"7279_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/s1568-9972(03)00048-x","volume":"2","author":"AG Suryaprasad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Suryaprasad AG, Prindiville T (2003) The biology of tnf blockade. Autoimmun Rev 2:346\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1568-9972(03)00048-x","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"7279_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3659","volume":"49","author":"K Komiya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Komiya K, Ariga H, Nagai H, Teramoto S, Kurashima A, Shoji S et al (2010) Impact of peripheral lymphocyte count on the sensitivity of 2 ifn-gamma release assays, qft-g and elispot, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Intern Med 49:1849\u20131855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3659","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"7279_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0450-y","volume":"41","author":"AC Carvalho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carvalho AC, Schumacher RF, Bigoni S, Soncini E, Notarangelo L, Apostoli A et al (2013) Contact investigation based on serial interferon-gamma release assays (igra) in children from the hematology-oncology ward after exposure to a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infection 41:827\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-013-0450-y","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"7279_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(96)00012-4","volume":"23","author":"BS Mcewen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mcewen BS, Biron CA, Brunson KW, Bulloch K, Chambers WH, Dhabhar FS et al (1997) The role of adrenocorticoids as modulators of immune function in health and disease: neural, endocrine and immune interactions. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 23:79\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-0173(96)00012-4","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"7279_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00007","volume":"119","author":"DT Boumpas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boumpas DT, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL, Cupps TR, Balow JE (1993) Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: basic and clinical correlates. Ann Intern Med 119:1198\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"7279_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.948652","volume":"10","author":"G Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang G, Chen X, Han Y, Peng Q, Liu J, Liu Y et al (2022) Clinical characteristics and related influencing factors of common rheumatic diseases concomitant with tuberculosis. Front Public Health 10:948652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.948652","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"7279_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07785-6","volume":"7","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huo F, Zhou B et al (2017) Analysis of factors influencing diagnostic accuracy of t-spot.tb for active tuberculosis in clinical practice. Sci Rep 7:7764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-07785-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:24:44Z","timestamp":1740558284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["7279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07279-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics review board of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S-715) and performed with the appropriate participants\u2019 informed consent in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, according to Ethics in Good Clinical Practice as addressed by Declaration of Helsinki and Greek Regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of ethics and consent"}},{"value":"For this submission, I have not used any AI-based content generation tools for this work. All authors have not violated ethical rules of AI use.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer about external writing\/editing support and use of AI"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}