{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T04:09:00Z","timestamp":1744517340800,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1144301C","1144301D","1142901D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1144301C","1144301D","1142901D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T08:00:52Z","timestamp":1740643252000},"page":"1449-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between a history of mental illness and the risk of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide, population-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Min","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9631-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"7383_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","volume":"78","author":"S Safiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Smith E, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA et al (2019) Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis 78(11):1463\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"7383_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223035","volume":"82","author":"J Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian J, Zhang D, Yao X, Huang Y, Lu Q (2023) Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study. Ann Rheum Dis 82(3):351\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223035","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"7383_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","volume":"74","author":"B Qin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qin B, Wang J, Yang Z, Yang M, Ma N, Huang F et al (2015) Epidemiology of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 74(11):1983\u20131989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"7383_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12564","volume":"124","author":"Z Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Z, Ren Y, Liu D, Lin F, Liang Y (2016) Prevalence of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and clinical significance of ANA profile: data from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. China Apmis 124(9):805\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.12564","journal-title":"China Apmis"},{"issue":"6","key":"7383_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013977","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013977","volume":"7","author":"N McCormick","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCormick N, Reimer K, Famouri A, Marra CA, Avi\u00f1a-Zubieta JA (2017) Filling the gaps in SARDs research: collection and linkage of administrative health data and self-reported survey data for a general population-based cohort of individuals with and without diagnoses of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARDs) from British Columbia, Canada. BMJ Open 7(6):e013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013977","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"7383_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11723","volume":"6","author":"SR Johnson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johnson SR, Alahmari H, Bonilla D, Ahmad Z, Bookman A, Hiraki LT et al (2024) Evaluation of progression from preclinical to systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease: novel use of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology\/American College of Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria as an Outcome Measure. ACR Open Rheumatol 6(12):871\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr2.11723","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7383_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01880-6","volume":"28","author":"JM Guthridge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guthridge JM, Wagner CA, James JA (2022) The promise of precision medicine in rheumatology. Nat Med 28(7):1363\u20131371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-01880-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7383_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0156-8","volume":"15","author":"N Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz N, Stock AD, Putterman C (2019) Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 15(3):137\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-018-0156-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7383_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01163-z","volume":"20","author":"AC Legge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Legge AC, Hanly JG (2024) Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric lupus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 20(11):712\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-024-01163-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7383_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-43","volume":"10","author":"S Najjar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Najjar S, Pearlman DM, Alper K, Najjar A, Devinsky O (2013) Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness. J Neuroinflammation 10(1):816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-2094-10-43","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"7383_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00131","volume":"10","author":"R Jeppesen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeppesen R, Benros ME (2019) Autoimmune diseases and psychotic disorders. Front Psychiatry 10:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00131","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7383_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.03.001","volume":"93","author":"E Duarte-Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duarte-Silva E, Macedo D, Maes M, Peixoto CA (2019) Novel insights into the mechanisms underlying depression-associated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 93:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.03.001","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"7383_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.11.007","volume":"7","author":"L Stojanovich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stojanovich L, Marisavljevich D (2008) Stress as a trigger of autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 7(3):209\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.11.007","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"49","key":"7383_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2305778120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305778120","volume":"120","author":"Y Shimo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shimo Y, Cathomas F, Lin HY, Chan KL, Parise LF, Li L et al (2023) Social stress induces autoimmune responses against the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 120(49):e2305778120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2305778120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"7383_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242613","volume":"43","author":"I Harpaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harpaz I, Abutbul S, Nemirovsky A, Gal R, Cohen H, Monsonego A (2013) Chronic exposure to stress predisposes to higher autoimmune susceptibility in C57BL\/6 mice: glucocorticoids as a double-edged sword. Eur J Immunol 43(3):758\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201242613","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"7383_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102634","volume":"73","author":"M Sloan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sloan M, Bourgeois JA, Leschziner G, Pollak TA, Pitkanen M, Harwood R et al (2024) Neuropsychiatric prodromes and symptom timings in relation to disease onset and\/or flares in SLE: results from the mixed methods international INSPIRE study. EClinicalMedicine 73:102634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102634","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"7383_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111046","volume":"125","author":"R Chaudhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhary R, Prasad A, Agarwal V, Rehman M, Kumar A, Kaushik AS et al (2023) Chronic stress predisposes to the aggravation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases with focus on rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 125:111046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111046","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"10391","key":"7383_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00457-9","volume":"401","author":"N Conrad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conrad N, Misra S, Verbakel JY, Verbeke G, Molenberghs G, Taylor PN et al (2023) Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet 401(10391):1878\u20131890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00457-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7383_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022) Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 9(2):137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"7383_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01823","volume":"11","author":"H Ilchmann-Diounou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ilchmann-Diounou H, Menard S (2020) Psychological stress, intestinal barrier dysfunctions, and autoimmune disorders: an overview. Front Immunol 11:1823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01823","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7383_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae203","author":"W-M Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu W-M, Chao WC, Chen D-Y, Ho W-L, Chen H-H (2024) Incidence and risk factors of mental illnesses among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an 18-year population-based study. Rheumatology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae203","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7383_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead369","volume":"63","author":"M Sloan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sloan M, Wincup C, Harwood R, Pollak TA, Massou E, Bosley M et al (2024) Prevalence and identification of neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an international mixed methods study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 63(5):1259\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead369","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"7383_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","volume":"11","author":"CY Hsieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsieh CY, Su CC, Shao SC, Sung SF, Lin SJ, Kao Yang YH et al (2019) Taiwan\u2019s national health insurance research database: past and future. Clin Epidemiol 11:349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"7383_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae194","author":"M Sloan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sloan M, Pollak TA, Massou E, Leschziner G, Andreoli L, Harwood R et al (2024) Neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: mixed methods analysis of patient-derived attributional evidence in the international INSPIRE project. Rheumatology (Oxford). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae194","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"8","key":"7383_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0843-5","volume":"55","author":"G Morris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morris G, Reiche EMV, Murru A, Carvalho AF, Maes M, Berk M et al (2018) Multiple immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways explain the frequent presence of depression in multiple sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 55(8):6282\u20136306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0843-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7383_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2024.100661","volume":"31","author":"B Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai B, Li T, Cao J, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Shi L et al (2024) CD4(+) T-cell subsets are associated with chronic stress effects in newly diagnosed anxiety disorders. Neurobiol Stress 31:100661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynstr.2024.100661","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"issue":"9","key":"7383_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.023","volume":"54","author":"H Haykin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haykin H, Rolls A (2021) The neuroimmune response during stress: a physiological perspective. Immunity 54(9):1933\u20131947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"7383_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141","volume":"1","author":"N Schneiderman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneiderman N, Ironson G, Siegel SD (2005) Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 1:607\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"7383_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649485","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.649485","volume":"15","author":"S Trifunovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trifunovic S, Stevanovic I, Milosevic A, Ristic N, Janjic M, Bjelobaba I et al (2021) The function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: involvement of oxidative stress mediators. Front Neurosci 15:649485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.649485","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7383_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-03006-2","volume":"21","author":"JJ Carver","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carver JJ, Lau KM, Puckett AE, Didonna A (2024) Autoimmune demyelination alters hypothalamic transcriptome and endocrine function. J Neuroinflammation 21(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-023-03006-2","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"11","key":"7383_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215099","volume":"78","author":"K Yamamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Okada Y (2019) Shared genetic factors and their causality in autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 78(11):1449\u20131451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215099","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7383_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reales G, Amos CI, Benveniste O, Chinoy H, De Bleecker J, De Paepe B et al (2024) Discovery of new myositis genetic associations through leveraging other immune-mediated diseases. Hum Genet Genom Adv 5(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xhgg.2024.100336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2024.100336"},{"issue":"2","key":"7383_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05255-5","volume":"40","author":"M Vecellio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vecellio M, Wu H, Lu Q, Selmi C (2021) The multifaceted functional role of DNA methylation in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 40(2):459\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05255-5","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7383_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656545","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.656545","volume":"12","author":"H Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu H, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Zhang M, Wang T, Zhao H et al (2021) Detection of genetic overlap between rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus using GWAS summary statistics. Front Genet 12:656545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.656545","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"7383_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.06.012","volume":"35","author":"CP Mavragani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mavragani CP, Crow MK (2010) Activation of the type I interferon pathway in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. J Autoimmun 35(3):225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.06.012","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7383_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Del Papa N, Minniti A, Lorini M, Carbonelli V, Maglione W, Pignataro F et al (2021) The role of interferons in the pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and future therapeutic perspectives. Biomolecules 11(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11020251","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020251"},{"issue":"1","key":"7383_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000270","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000270","volume":"6","author":"L R\u00f6nnblom","year":"2019","unstructured":"R\u00f6nnblom L, Leonard D (2019) Interferon pathway in SLE: one key to unlocking the mystery of the disease. Lupus Sci Med 6(1):e000270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2018-000270","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7383_CR38","first-page":"440","volume":"28","author":"LA Lucaciu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lucaciu LA, Dumitrascu DL (2015) Depression and suicide ideation in chronic hepatitis C patients untreated and treated with interferon: prevalence, prevention, and treatment. Ann Gastroenterol 28(4):440\u2013447","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"7383_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048592","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1048592","volume":"14","author":"JY Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai JY, Ho JX, Kow ASF, Liang G, Tham CL, Ho YC et al (2023) Interferon therapy and its association with depressive disorders\u2014a review. Front Immunol 14:1048592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1048592","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1744455288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07383-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0770-3198"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1434-9949"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (IRB number: CE22166A). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital because all data were anonymized.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}