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We have previously reported initial findings from a study exploring the potential anti-inflammatory effects of a 1-month specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) in children with JIA. This paper presents the full-year follow-up results, primarily focusing on changes in medication needs before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-eight patients with JIA, with low disease activity, were included. The results of disease activity, physical function, pain, morning stiffness, and inflamed joints from the 1-month intervention, as well as long-term effects, were evaluated. The medical burden during the year before and 1\u00a0year after the dietary intervention was compared with three times as many retrospective patients with JIA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite adherence challenges, twenty-one children completed at least 1\u00a0month on the diet with a significant improvement in clinical variables that appeared to persist for several months. Sixteen children completed a 1-year follow-up, and the medical burden was compared with that of 48 matched retrospective controls. We observed no significant group-level changes in medication use from the dietary intervention. In six participants, the need for medical escalation was eliminated following the dietary intervention, and this effect was maintained for 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The SCD shows promise in alleviating symptoms in children with JIA, both in the short and long-term. While no significant group-level changes were observed, some participants avoided treatment escalations, suggesting individual benefits. However, larger-scale studies using a less complicated diet are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Clinical Trials Identifier NCT04205500, 2019\/12\/17, retrospectively registered. URL: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/register.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/register.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n                <jats:table>\n                  <jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                        <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) allowed some participants to avoid planned medication escalations, indicating its potential role in managing JIA symptoms.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Most participants faced difficulties with long-term adherence to the restrictive SCD, highlighting the need for more sustainable dietary strategies.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Further studies are needed to identify specific dietary components that drive benefits and to explore underlying mechanisms for effective dietary recommendations in pediatric rheumatology.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody>\n                <\/jats:table>\n              <\/jats:table-wrap>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07421-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T11:09:14Z","timestamp":1743764954000},"page":"2031-2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["One-year follow-up of a short specific carbohydrate diet intervention in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A retrospectively controlled study with focus on medical burden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naima","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"\u00d6man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0142-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Koochek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7323-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Arnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillemor","family":"Berntson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24853","volume":"74","author":"KB Onel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onel KB, Horton DB, Lovell DJ et al (2022) 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: therapeutic approaches for oligoarthritis, temporomandibular joint arthritis, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 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