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Original research studies in SSc patients and depression using BDI\u2009&gt;\u200910, CES-D\u2009&gt;\u200916, and PHQ-9\u2009&gt;\u200910 that met our inclusion criteria were included and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument, then data extraction was performed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified 497 articles, of which 22 were included in this systematic review. Among the 4,165 patients who completed the self-assessment questionnaires, 1486 (35.6%) met the criteria for depression where 564 (31.9%) of patients were identified based on the CES-D, 410 (55.1%) from the BDI, and 512 (30.8%) from the PHQ-9 group. Gastrointestinal involvement was the most identified predictor for depression, while pain, disease activity, and pulmonary and joint symptoms of SSc were also commonly associated with depression. Non-SSc-related predictors of depression included unemployment, low educational level, and unmarried status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Higher prevalence of depression is seen among patients with SSc. Although the prevalence varies according to the assessment tool used, we found correlation of depression estimates in SSc-patients between the CES-D and PHQ-9 scores. Moreover, this review identifies the significant predictors of depression in SSc patients and highlights the need of mental healthcare professionals to engage in the care of SSc patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HB level was significantly related to disease activity and structural damage in RA patients.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n                <jats:table>\n                  <jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                        <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>There is significant variability in estimates of depression among different self-assessment questionnaires in patients with SSc.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>We found correlation of depression estimates in SSc-patients between the CES-D and PHQ9 scores.<\/jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Among the studies reviewed strong predictors of depression in SSc-patients were identified. These were significant GI and\u00a0arthritic manifestations, increased pain and disease severity, and a lower educational level<\/jats:italic>.\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Importance in engaging mental healthcare professionals in the care of SSc- patients as per our study up to a third of patients may benefit from this<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody>\n                <\/jats:table>\n              <\/jats:table-wrap>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07440-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T04:27:32Z","timestamp":1744777652000},"page":"2327-2341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A systematic review of prevalence and predictors of depression in systemic sclerosis based on the CES-D, BDI, and PHQ- 9 self-assessment questionnaires"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Esra","family":"Mehmetoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anvitha","family":"Mummadisetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Chatzittofis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Parperis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Sandorfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7786-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris T.","family":"Derk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10373","key":"7440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01692-0","volume":"401","author":"ER Volkmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Volkmann ER, Andr\u00e9asson K, Smith V (2023) Systemic sclerosis. 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