{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:56:12Z","timestamp":1788782172525,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consorcio Colombia 2025"},{"name":"National University of Colombia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands. Agreement between glandular ultrasound and focus score has been described as moderate to strong. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between ultrasound findings of salivary and lacrimal glands and the histopathological results of minor salivary gland biopsies in patients with sicca syndrome seen at a quaternary care hospital in Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an ambispective cohort study. A total of 66 patients were included, of whom 42 were classified as having Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease and 24 as having non-Sj\u00f6gren sicca syndrome, according to the 2016 ACR\/EULAR classification criteria. Focus scores were obtained from minor salivary gland biopsy reports, and ultrasound of the lacrimal and salivary glands was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound findings showed that 57.6% of patients presented glandular abnormalities, most frequently in the submandibular glands. The agreement between ultrasound findings and minor salivary gland biopsy was low (agreement rate: 57%, Kappa: 0.178). Advanced age (&gt;\u200968\u00a0years) was identified as a factor negatively influencing the agreement. Parotid gland ultrasound had high specificity (100%) for the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease, but limited sensitivity (24\u201330%). No significant association was found between abnormalities in lacrimal glands and the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although glandular ultrasound may serve as a complementary tool, it cannot yet replace minor salivary gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease. Further studies are needed to confirm its diagnostic performance and agreement with salivary gland histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Overall agreement between ultrasound and minor salivary gland biopsy was low in this cohort<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Older age (&gt;68 years) was associated with reduced agreement between imaging and histopathology<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Parotid gland ultrasound showed high specificity but limited sensitivity for classifying Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease<\/jats:italic>\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:52:52Z","timestamp":1757940772000},"page":"4567-4576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Agreement between glandular ultrasonography and histopathology of minor salivary glands in adults with sicca syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8015-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilder","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9158-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4901-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Veloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eybar","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis J.","family":"Cajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12996","author":"M Neumann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neumann M, Quintero J, Shih T, Capitle EM (2021) Not all Sicca is Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s and not all Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s is Sicca. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.12996","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Baer AN, Brito-Zer\u00f3n M del P et al (2025) 2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sj\u00f6gren disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 21:426\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-025-01268-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01268-z"},{"key":"7650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16047","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","volume":"2","author":"P Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n P, Baldini C, Bootsma H et al (2016) Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2:16047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"7650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcreu.2020.12.007","volume":"29","author":"CA Reyes Jaraba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reyes Jaraba CA, P\u00e1jaro Galvis NE, Vergara Serpa OV et al (2022) S\u00edndrome de Sj\u00f6gren: epidemiolog\u00eda y manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas. Rev Colomb Reumatol 29:310\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcreu.2020.12.007","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Reumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2018.09.005","volume":"16","author":"DG Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1vila","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1vila DG, Rinc\u00f3n-Ria\u00f1o DN, Bernal-Mac\u00edas S et al (2020) Prevalencia y caracter\u00edsticas demogr\u00e1ficas del s\u00edndrome de Sj\u00f6gren en Colombia, seg\u00fan informaci\u00f3n del Sistema Integral de Informaci\u00f3n de la Protecci\u00f3n Social. Reumatol Cl\u00ednica 16:286\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reuma.2018.09.005","journal-title":"Reumatol Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"7650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002119","volume":"8","author":"V Pucino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pucino V, Turner JD, Nayar S et al (2022) Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s and non-Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s sicca share a similar symptom burden but with a distinct symptom-associated proteomic signature. RMD Open 8:e002119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002119","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"7650_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel266","volume":"46","author":"J Pijpe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pijpe J, Kalk WWI, van der Wal JE et al (2006) Parotid gland biopsy compared with labial biopsy in the diagnosis of patients with primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Rheumatology 46:335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel266","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"7650_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.08.004","volume":"43","author":"MD Coltrera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coltrera MD (2010) Ultrasound Physics in a Nutshell. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 43:1149\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2010.08.004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"7650_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2013.08.004","volume":"30","author":"J Shriki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shriki J (2014) Ultrasound Physics. Crit Care Clin 30:1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2013.08.004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"7650_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/5tf1kq","volume":"39","author":"G Sakellariou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakellariou G, Giovannini I, Grignaschi S et al (2021) New developments in ultrasound in rheumatology: innovative tools and promising applications. Clin Exp Rheumatol 39:413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/5tf1kq","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215024","volume":"78","author":"S Jousse-Joulin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jousse-Joulin S, D\u2019Agostino MA, Nicolas C et al (2019) Video clip assessment of a salivary gland ultrasound scoring system in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome using consensual definitions: an OMERACT ultrasound working group reliability exercise. Ann Rheum Dis 78:967\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7650_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avenda\u00f1o Rodriguez DE, Torres Castiblanco JL, Villamizar Barahona AB et al (2023) ecograf\u00eda de gl\u00e1ndulas salivales en el diagn\u00f3stico del s\u00edndrome de Sj\u00f6gren. Rev Repert Med y Cirug\u00eda 32:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31260\/RepertMedCir.01217372.1230","DOI":"10.31260\/RepertMedCir.01217372.1230"},{"key":"7650_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/3315487","volume":"27","author":"M Banerjee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Banerjee M (1999) Beyond kappa: A review of interrater agreement measures*. Can J Stat 27:3\u201323","journal-title":"Can J Stat"},{"key":"7650_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh ML (2012) Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem medica 22:276\u2013282","journal-title":"Biochem medica"},{"key":"7650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11325-z","volume":"23","author":"M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li M, Gao Q, Yu T (2023) Kappa statistic considerations in evaluating inter-rater reliability between two raters: which, when and context matters. BMC Cancer 23:799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-023-11325-z","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"7650_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12387","volume":"45","author":"E Astorri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Astorri E, Sutcliffe N, Richards PS et al (2016) Ultrasound of the salivary glands is a strong predictor of labial gland biopsy histopathology in patients with sicca symptoms. J Oral Pathol Med 45:450\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jop.12387","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"7650_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","volume":"69","author":"CH Shiboski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R et al (2017) 2016 American College of Rheumatology\/European League against rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: a consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol 69:35\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39859","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101837","volume":"37","author":"V Fana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fana V, Terslev L (2023) Lacrimal and salivary gland ultrasound - how and when to use in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 37:101837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101837","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030803","volume":"9","author":"K-A Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee K-A, Lee S-H, Kim H-R (2020) Ultrasonographic changes of Major Salivary Glands in Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome. J Clin Med 9:803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030803","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7650_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130256","volume":"40","author":"EK Kapsogeorgou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kapsogeorgou EK, Christodoulou MI, Panagiotakos DB et al (2013) Minor Salivary Gland Inflammatory Lesions in Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome: Do They Evolve? J Rheumatol 40:1566\u20131571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.130256","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06696-4","volume":"42","author":"NS Schmidt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmidt NS, Fana V, Danielsen MA et al (2023) The impact of an ultrasound atlas for scoring salivary glands in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol 42:3275\u20133281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-023-06696-4","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR22","first-page":"351","volume":"10","author":"S De Vita","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Vita S, Lorenzon G, Rossi G et al (1992) Salivary gland echography in primary and secondary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 10:351\u2013356","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR23","first-page":"1229","volume":"27","author":"F Salaffi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salaffi F, Argalia G, Carotti M et al (2000) Salivary gland ultrasonography in the evaluation of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Comparison with minor salivary gland biopsy. J Rheumatol 27:1229\u20131236","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh588","volume":"44","author":"A Ho\u010devar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ho\u010devar A, Ambro\u017ei\u010d A, Rozman B et al (2005) Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Diagnostic value of a novel scoring system. Rheumatology 44:768\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh588","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"7650_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22264","volume":"66","author":"E Theander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Theander E, Mandl T (2014) Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Salivary Gland Ultrasonography Using a Simplified Scoring System. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 66:1102\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22264","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"7650_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001503","volume":"7","author":"O Al Tabaa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Tabaa O, Gouze H, Hamroun S et al (2021) Normal salivary gland ultrasonography could rule out the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome in anti-SSA-negative patients with sicca syndrome. RMD Open 7:e001503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001503","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"7650_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcreu.2020.05.008","volume":"27","author":"R Parra-Medina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parra-Medina R, Polo JF, Rojas-Villarraga A (2020) Interpretaci\u00f3n de la biopsia de gl\u00e1ndula salival menor en el s\u00edndrome de Sj\u00f6gren. Correlaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednico-patol\u00f3gica Rev Colomb Reumatol 27:82\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcreu.2020.05.008","journal-title":"Correlaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednico-patol\u00f3gica Rev Colomb Reumatol"},{"key":"7650_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265057","volume":"17","author":"NS Schmidt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmidt NS, Voss A, Nilsson AC et al (2022) Salivary gland ultrasound is associated with the presence of autoantibodies in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A Danish single-centre study. PLoS ONE 17:e0265057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0265057","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7650_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06618-4","volume":"42","author":"L Barrio-Nogal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrio-Nogal L, Novella-Navarro M, Heras CB et al (2023) Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of suspected primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and concordance with salivary gland biopsy: a Spanish single-center study. Clin Rheumatol 42:2409\u20132417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-023-06618-4","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:00:40Z","timestamp":1761660040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07650-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}