{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:40:45Z","timestamp":1788316845702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with thromboembolic events. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, which are used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have shown potential anti-inflammatory effects, but their role in thrombotic events in RA is less clear. This study compares GLP-1 analogs to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) regarding thromboembolic events in RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX database to evaluate adult patients who carried the diagnosis of RA from January 1, 2006 to December 1, 2024 with co-existing T2DM and who initiated GLP-1 analogs or DPP4i after diagnosis of RA and T2DM. Patients were divided into two cohorts (GLP-1 vs. DPP4i), and the primary outcome was all thromboembolic events (cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction [MI], deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE]) within 5\u00a0years after GLP-1 analog or DPP4i start. Secondary outcomes included individual events, arterial and venous thrombosis, and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching adjusted for demographic, clinical, and treatment variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 41,153 patients, including 25,425 GLP-1 analog and 15,728 DPP4i users, and compared 8,697 matched patients in each group. The median age at medication start was 65\u00a0years old, with 70% females. GLP-1 analog users had a 24% lower risk of all thrombotic events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70, 0.83];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), as well as reduced risks of individual events and an overall lower mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to DPP4i, GLP-1 analogs may lower the risk of thromboembolic events and reduce all-cause mortality in RA patients with T2DM.\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>The study identified significantly reduced risks in both arterial and venous thrombosis in RA patients receiving GLP-1 analogs compared with DPP4i<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\u2022\n                                <jats:italic>RA patients who received GLP-1 analogs had lower all-cause mortality compared to those receiving DPP4i<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\u2022\n                                <jats:italic>These findings support potential dual benefit of GLP-1 analogs in reducing inflammation and thrombosis in RA patients with diabetes<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07709-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:58:01Z","timestamp":1759010281000},"page":"4479-4485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analog use is associated with reduced thromboembolic events compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A global retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2387-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald D.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01575-9","volume":"21","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Drexel H, Jornayvaz FR, Pataky Z, Seferovi\u0107 PM, Wanner C (2022) Cardiovascular outcomes trials: a paradigm shift in the current management of type 2 diabetes. 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