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The\n                      <jats:italic>CD14<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoter polymorphism\n                      <jats:italic>C-159T<\/jats:italic>\n                      is positively correlated with CD14, and homozygous carriers of the T allele have a significant increase in soluble and membrane-bound CD14.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the\n                      <jats:italic>C-159T<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism in Behcet patients compared to controls, and to study its relationship with disease manifestations and activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-one adult Egyptian patients with Behcet\u2019s syndrome and another 51 healthy controls were recruited. Behcet\u2019s syndrome activity\u00a0was assessed. A blood sample was obtained from each participant for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was used to determine the\n                      <jats:italic>C-159T<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism in the\n                      <jats:italic>CD14<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoter gene\n                      <jats:italic>(rs2569190)<\/jats:italic>\n                      using real-time polymerase chain reaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of the TT genotype was higher in Behcet patients (23.7%) in comparison to the controls (8%) (OR\u2009=\u20095.3,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.01). The prevalence of the T allele was higher in Behcet\u00a0patients (49.1%) in comparison to the controls (31.4%) (OR\u2009=\u20092.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.01). The skin erythema was found to be significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.003) higher in frequency among the\u00a0TT genotype (58.3%) compared to the\u00a0CT genotype (26.9%). Moreover, the skin pustules were found to be significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.01) higher in frequency among the\u00a0TT genotype (41.6%) compared to the\u00a0CT genotype (11.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>CD14 (C-159T)<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing Behcet\u2019s syndrome and is correlated with its dermatological manifestations.\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>Key points<\/jats:bold>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>Behcet\u2019s syndrome is a variable-vessel vasculitis in which aberrant innate immunity is integral to the pathogenesis of the disease<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\u2022\n                                <jats:italic>CD14 molecules recognize pathogens with subsequent activation\u00a0of innate immunity<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\u2022\n                                <jats:italic>The CD14 promoter gene C-159T single-nucleotide polymorphism increases the susceptibility to Behcet\u2019s syndrome<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\u2022\n                                <jats:italic>The C-159T polymorphism correlates with skin manifestations of Behcet\u2019s syndrome<\/jats:italic>\n                                .\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07735-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:45:48Z","timestamp":1762271148000},"page":"375-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between CD14 (C-159T) single-nucleotide polymorphism and Behcet\u2019s syndrome and its clinical manifestations in Egyptian patients, an observational case\u2013control genetic association study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6070-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moustafa Ali","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala Ibrahem","family":"El Gendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfat","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Victor","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumn A.","family":"Elsabagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.208","volume":"14","author":"H Yazici","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazici H, Seyahi E, Hatemi G, Yazici Y (2018) Beh\u00e7et syndrome: a contemporary view. 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