{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:20:48Z","timestamp":1790871648795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003789","name":"Helwan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently coexist, compounding disease burden and complicating treatment approaches. Despite the prevalence of this comorbidity, evidence on effective management strategies remains scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of oral pharmacological and dietary interventions for patients diagnosed with both FMS and IBS, following PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed on September 12, 2024, utilizing the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, and Ovid to identifying randomized control trials evaluating interventions for FMS comorbid with IBS. The outcome encompassed pain reduction, global well-being, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and safety profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search yielded 784 studies, with 364 retrieved after applying inclusion criteria. Following duplicate removal and further screening, five randomized control trials met eligibility criteria. Of these, three were included in the meta-analysis. These trials investigated the effects of pharmacological agents, dietary modifications, and probiotics on pain and quality-of-life measures in patients with FMS-IBS comorbidity. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in groups receiving cyclobenzaprine and pregabalin, while probiotics demonstrated no significant benefit over placebo. Dietary interventions showed mixed results, providing symptom relief in selected patients. Adverse effects were highest in the cyclobenzaprine 30\u00a0mg group but were generally well tolerated in other interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacological treatments appear effective in reducing pain associated with FMS and IBS. Dietary interventions, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) elimination, may benefit specific subgroups, while probiotics showed limited efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1766360596000},"page":"41-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of interventions for Fibromyalgia syndrome comorbid with Irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1668-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai A.","family":"Elkalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1109-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef G.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2718-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Ewais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7760-4597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohab","family":"Sherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santandrea S, Montrone F, Sarzi-Puttini P, Boccassini L, Caruso I (1993) A double-blind crossover study of two cyclobenzaprine regimens in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res 21:74\u201380. Available from\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8243792 . Accessed 21 Oct 2024","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059302100202"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7861_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3664","volume":"81","author":"L Guida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guida L, Sirotti S, Filippou G, Dell\u2019Era A, Gridavilla D, Romano M et al (2022) Pos0023 prevalence and impact of fibromyalgia syndrome in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Rheum Dis 81(Suppl 1):222\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3664","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7861_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030809","author":"C Settembre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Settembre C, D\u2019Antonio E, Moscato P, Loi G, Santonicola A, Iovino P (2022) Association among disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and fibromyalgia: a prospective study. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030809","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7861_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-05843-1_1","author":"A Annah\u00e1zi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Annah\u00e1zi A, Schemann M (2022) Contribution of the enteric nervous system to autoimmune diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-05843-1_1","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"7861_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.964879","author":"M Sadlonova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadlonova M, L\u00f6ser J, Celano CM, Kleiber C, Broschmann D, Herrmann-Lingen C (2022) Changes in treatment outcomes in patients undergoing an integrated psychosomatic inpatient treatment: results from a cohort study. Front Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.964879","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7861_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228664","author":"Y Mishima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishima Y, Ishihara S (2020) Molecular mechanisms of microbiota-mediated pathology in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228664","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7861_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12512","author":"B Salvioli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salvioli B, Pellegatta G, Malacarne M, Pace F, Malesci A, Pagani M et al (2015) Autonomic nervous system dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12512","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"7861_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823df2dc","author":"S Perez-Lloret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perez-Lloret S, Meza Rojas G, Menoni MC, Ruiz G, Vel\u00e1squez C, Rodriguez H et al (2012) Pregabalin beneficial effects on sleep quality or health-related quality of life are poorly correlated with reduction on pain intensity after an 8-week treatment course. Clin Neuropharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823df2dc","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"7861_CR9","unstructured":"Holton KF, Taren D, Thomson CA, Bennett RM, Jones KD (2012) The effect of dietary glutamate on fibromyalgia and irritable bowel symptoms. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30:10\u201317. Available from\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22766026\/.\u00a0Accessed 11 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"7861_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140","volume":"62","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolfe F et al (2010) The American college of rheumatology 2010 preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res 62(5):600\u2013610","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"7861_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calandre EP, Hidalgo-Tallon J, Molina-Barea R, Rico-Villademoros F, Molina-Hidalgo C, Garcia-Leiva JM et al (2021) The probiotic VSL#3\u00ae does not seem to be efficacious for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptomatology of patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharm Policy Law 14:1063. Available from\u00a0https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/14\/10\/1063.\u00a0Accessed 21 Oct 2024","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101063"},{"key":"7861_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fjorback LO, Arendt M, \u00d8rnb\u00f8l E, Walach H, Rehfeld E, Schr\u00f6der A et al (2013) Mindfulness therapy for somatization disorder and functional somatic syndromes \u2014 randomized trial with one-year follow-up. J Psych Res 74:31\u201340. Available from\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23272986\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Nov 2024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.09.006"},{"key":"7861_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhadra P, Petersel D (2010) Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Exp Opin Pharmacother 11:2805\u20132812. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21039311.\u00a0Accessed 11 Nov 2024","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2010.525217"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:42:18Z","timestamp":1769679738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07861-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate. Not applicable (this study is a systematic review and does not involve human participants directly).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}