{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:37:54Z","timestamp":1793151474196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/4\/8-9\/CD\/AA\/2022-NCD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/4\/8-9\/CD\/AA\/2022-NCD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["454\/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC. 2018)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["454\/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC. 2018)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T07:21:08Z","timestamp":1766042468000},"page":"1311-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gut dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Enthesitis Related Arthritis: impact of HLA-B27 status"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0203-7320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivika","family":"Guleria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9695-6303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fareha","family":"Umam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Able","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amita","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.906258","volume":"13","author":"WK Mousa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S (2022) Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 13:906258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.906258","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7889_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Britton GJ, Contijoch EJ, Mogno I, Vennaro OH, Llewellyn SR, Ng R, Li Z, Mortha A, Merad M, Das A, Gevers D, McGovern DPB, Singh N, Braun J, Jacobs JP, Clemente JC, Grinspan A, Sands BE, Colombel J-F, \u2026 Faith JJ (2019) Microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease alter the balance of Gut Th17 and ROR\u03b3t+ regulatory T cells and exacerbate colitis in mice. Immunity 50(1):212\u2013224.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.015"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05274-w","volume":"43","author":"R Naveen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naveen R, Guleria S, Aggarwal A (2023) Recent updates in enthesitis-related arthritis. Rheumatol Int 43(3):409\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05274-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"7889_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2018-4","volume":"21","author":"E Klingberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klingberg E, Magnusson MK, Strid H, Deminger A, St\u00e5hl A, Sundin J, Simr\u00e9n M, Carlsten H, \u00d6hman L, Forsblad-d\u2019Elia H (2019) A distinct gut microbiota composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is associated with increased levels of fecal calprotectin. Arthritis Res Ther 21(1):248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-019-2018-4","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"7889_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211064","volume":"76","author":"M Breban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breban M, Tap J, Leboime A, Said-Nahal R, Langella P, Chiocchia G, Furet J-P, Sokol H (2017) Faecal microbiota study reveals specific dysbiosis in spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 76(9):1614\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211064","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR6","first-page":"77","volume":"39","author":"WGW Pathirana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pathirana WGW, Chubb SP, Gillett MJ, Vasikaran SD (2018) Faecal calprotectin. Clin Biochem Rev 39(3):77\u201390","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2359","volume":"180","author":"JD Taurog","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taurog JD, Richardson JA, Croft JT, Simmons WA, Zhou M, Fern\u00e1ndez-Sueiro JL, Balish E, Hammer RE (1994) The germfree state prevents development of gut and joint inflammatory disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. J Exp Med 180(6):2359\u20132364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.180.6.2359","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7889_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118878","volume":"98","author":"HC Rath","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rath HC, Herfarth HH, Ikeda JS, Grenther WB, Hamm TE, Balish E, Taurog JD, Hammer RE, Wilson KH, Sartor RB (1996) Normal luminal bacteria, especially Bacteroides species, mediate chronic colitis, gastritis, and arthritis in HLA-B27\/human beta2 microglobulin transgenic rats. J Clin Invest 98(4):945\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI118878","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0486-0","volume":"16","author":"ML Stoll","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoll ML, Kumar R, Morrow CD, Lefkowitz EJ, Cui X, Genin A, Cron RQ, Elson CO (2014) Altered microbiota associated with abnormal humoral immune responses to commensal organisms in enthesitis-related arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 16(6):486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-014-0486-0","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12900","volume":"187","author":"A Aggarwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aggarwal A, Sarangi AN, Gaur P, Shukla A, Aggarwal R (2017) Gut microbiome in children with enthesitis-related arthritis in a developing country and the effect of probiotic administration. Clin Exp Immunol 187(3):480\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12900","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"7889_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650619","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.650619","volume":"8","author":"L Lamot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lamot L, Miler M, Vukojevi\u0107 R, Vidovi\u0107 M, Lamot M, Trutin I, Gabaj NN, Harja\u010dek M (2021) The increased levels of fecal calprotectin in children with active enthesitis related arthritis and MRI signs of sacroiliitis: the results of a single center cross-sectional exploratory study in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:650619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.650619","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"7889_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Paola M, Cavalieri D, Albanese D, Sordo M, Pindo M, Donati C, Pagnini I, Giani T, Simonini G, Paladini A, Lionetti P, De Filippo C,  Cimaz R (2016) Alteration of fecal microbiota profiles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Associations with HLA-B27 Allele and Disease Status. Front Microbiol 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01703","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01703"},{"issue":"2","key":"7889_CR13","first-page":"390","volume":"31","author":"RE Petty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, He X, Maldonado-Cocco J, Orozco-Alcala J, Prieur A-M, Suarez-Almazor ME, Woo P, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (2004) International league of associations for rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 31(2):390\u2013392","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","volume":"16","author":"SA Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF (1988) A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16(3):1215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7889_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530208.x","volume":"53","author":"S Tonks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tonks S, Marsh SG, Bunce M, Bodmer JG (1999) Molecular typing for HLA class I using ARMS-PCR: further developments following the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Tissue Antigens 53(2):175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530208.x","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.27","volume":"79","author":"J Pichler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pichler J, Ong C, Shah N, Sebire N, Kiparrissi F, Borrelli O, Pilkington C, Elawad M (2016) Histopathological features of gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Res 79(6):895\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2016.27","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"7889_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel056","volume":"45","author":"N Saxena","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saxena N, Misra R, Aggarwal A (2006) Is the enthesitis-related arthritis subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis a form of chronic reactive arthritis? Rheumatology 45(9):1129\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel056","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"7889_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0454-9","volume":"16","author":"E Gracey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gracey E, Vereecke L, McGovern D, Fr\u00f6hling M, Schett G, Danese S, De Vos M, Van den Bosch F, Elewaut D (2020) Revisiting the gut-joint axis: links between gut inflammation and spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 16(8):415\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-020-0454-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"7889_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1223-2","author":"E Klingberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klingberg E, Strid H, St\u00e5hl A, Deminger A, Carlsten H, \u00d6hman L, Forsblad-d\u2019Elia H (2017) A longitudinal study of fecal calprotectin and the development of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-017-1223-2","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"7889_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208025","volume":"75","author":"H Cypers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cypers H, Varkas G, Beeckman S, Debusschere K, Vogl T, Roth J, Drennan MB, Lavric M, Foell D, Cuvelier CA, De Vos M, Delanghe J, Van Den Bosch F, Elewaut D (2016) Elevated calprotectin levels reveal bowel inflammation in spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 75(7):1357\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"7889_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41644","volume":"73","author":"G Guggino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guggino G, Mauro D, Rizzo A, Alessandro R, Raimondo S, Bergot A-S, Rahman MA, Ellis JJ, Milling S, Lories R, Elewaut D, Brown MA, Thomas R, Ciccia F (2021) Inflammasome activation in ankylosing spondylitis is associated with gut dysbiosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 73(7):1189\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41644","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210000","volume":"76","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ciccia F, Guggino G, Rizzo A, Alessandro R, Luchetti MM, Milling S, Saieva L, Cypers H, Stampone T, Di Benedetto P, Gabrielli A, Fasano A, Elewaut D, Triolo G (2017) Dysbiosis and zonulin upregulation alter gut epithelial and vascular barriers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 76(6):1123\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR23","first-page":"773","volume":"18","author":"P Picco","year":"2000","unstructured":"Picco P, Gattorno M, Marchese N, Vignola S, Sormani MP, Barabino A, Buoncompagni A (2000) Increased gut permeability in juvenile chronic arthritides. A multivariate analysis of the diagnostic parameters. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18(6):773\u2013778","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"7889_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.965634","volume":"13","author":"T Gill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gill T, Stauffer P, Asquith M, Laderas T, Martin TM, Davin S, Schleisman M, Ramirez C, Ogle K, Lindquist I, Nguyen J, Planck SR, Shaut C, Diamond S, Rosenbaum JT, Karstens L (2022) Axial spondyloarthritis patients have altered mucosal IgA response to oral and fecal microbiota. Front Immunol 13:965634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.965634","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38967","volume":"67","author":"M Costello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costello M, Ciccia F, Willner D, Warrington N, Robinson PC, Gardiner B, Marshall M, Kenna TJ, Triolo G, Brown MA (2015) Brief report: intestinal dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 67(3):686\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.38967","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7889_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105684","volume":"9","author":"P Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin P, Bach M, Asquith M, Lee AY, Akileswaran L, Stauffer P, Davin S, Pan Y, Cambronne ED, Dorris M, Debelius JW, Lauber CL, Ackermann G, Baeza YV, Gill T, Knight R, Colbert RA, Taurog JD, Van Gelder RN, Rosenbaum JT (2014) HLA-B27 and human \u03b22-microglobulin affect the gut microbiota of transgenic rats. PLoS ONE 9(8):e105684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105684","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"7889_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40917","volume":"71","author":"M Asquith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asquith M, Sternes PR, Costello M, Karstens L, Diamond S, Martin TM, Li Z, Marshall MS, Spector TD, Le Cao K, Rosenbaum JT, Brown MA (2019) HLA alleles associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis influence the gut microbiome. Arthritis Rheumatol 71(10):1642\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40917","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7889_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040569","volume":"9","author":"ML Stoll","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stoll ML, DeQuattro K, Li Z, Sawhney H, Weiss PF, Nigrovic PA, Wright TB, Schikler K, Edelheit B, Morrow CD, Reveille JD, Brown MA, Gensler LS (2022) Impact of HLA-B27 and disease status on the gut microbiome of the offspring of ankylosing spondylitis patients. Children (Basel) 9(4):569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9040569","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7889_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-019-0341-6","volume":"12","author":"MT Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam MT, Amos GCA, Murphy ARJ, Murch S, Wellington EMH, Arasaradnam RP (2020) Microbial imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease patients at different taxonomic levels. Gut Pathog 12(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-019-0341-6","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"7889_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05873-6","volume":"23","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L, Ye Z, Li J, Wang L, Chen Y, Yu M, Han J, Huang J, Li D, Lv Y, Xiong K, Tian D, Liao J, Seidler U, Xiao F (2025) Gut bacteria Prevotellaceae related lithocholic acid metabolism promotes colonic inflammation. J Transl Med 23(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05873-6","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"7889_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202","volume":"2","author":"JU Scher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scher JU, Sczesnak A, Longman RS, Segata N, Ubeda C, Bielski C, Rostron T, Cerundolo V, Pamer EG, Abramson SB, Huttenhower C, Littman DR (2013) Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis. Elife 2:e01202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.01202","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7405","key":"7889_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11225","volume":"487","author":"S Devkota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devkota S, Wang Y, Musch MW, Leone V, Fehlner-Peach H, Nadimpalli A, Antonopoulos DA, Jabri B, Chang EB (2012) Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Nature 487(7405):104\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11225","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7889_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1376525","volume":"14","author":"Q-Y Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su Q-Y, Zhang Y, Qiao D, Song X, Shi Y, Wang Z, Wang C-Y, Zhang S-X (2024) Gut microbiota dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1376525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1376525","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"7331","key":"7889_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646","volume":"469","author":"S Fukuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukuda S, Toh H, Hase K, Oshima K, Nakanishi Y, Yoshimura K, Tobe T, Clarke JM, Topping DL, Suzuki T, Taylor TD, Itoh K, Kikuchi J, Morita H, Hattori M, Ohno H (2011) Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate. Nature 469(7331):543\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09646","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"7889_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2291164","volume":"15","author":"SJ Gavzy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gavzy SJ, Kensiski A, Lee ZL, Mongodin EF, Ma B, Bromberg JS (2023) Bifidobacterium mechanisms of immune modulation and tolerance. Gut Microbes 15(2):2291164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2291164","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"7889_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42658","volume":"76","author":"M Essex","year":"2024","unstructured":"Essex M, Rios Rodriguez V, Rademacher J, Proft F, L\u00f6ber U, Mark\u00f3 L, Pleyer U, Strowig T, Marchand J, Kirwan JA, Siegmund B, Forslund SK, Poddubnyy D (2024) Shared and distinct gut microbiota in spondyloarthritis, acute anterior uveitis, and Crohn\u2019s disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 76(1):48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42658","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7889_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20237","volume":"13","author":"WL Duck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duck WL, Walter MR, Novak J, Kelly D, Tomasi M, Cong Y, Elson CO (2007) Isolation of flagellated bacteria implicated in Crohn\u02bcs disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13(10):1191\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.20237","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"7889_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201800555","volume":"14","author":"K Sasaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sasaki K, Inoue J, Sasaki D, Hoshi N, Shirai T, Fukuda I, Azuma T, Kondo A, Osawa R (2019) Construction of a model culture system of human colonic microbiota to detect decreased Lachnospiraceae abundance and butyrogenesis in the feces of ulcerative colitis patients. Biotechnol J 14(5):1800555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.201800555","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"7889_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song Z, Zhang S-X, Qiao J, Zhao R, Wang Y-F, Song S, Wang C-H, Gao C,  Li X-F (2022) Alterations in gut microbiota associated with lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. In Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1794943\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1794943\/v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"7889_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2338244","volume":"56","author":"S Hertz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hertz S, Anderson JM, Nielsen HL, Schachtschneider C, McCauley KE, \u00d6z\u00e7am M, Larsen L, Lynch SV, Nielsen H (2024) Fecal microbiota is associated with extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Med 56(1):2338244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2024.2338244","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"7889_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303611","volume":"62","author":"V Eeckhaut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eeckhaut V, Machiels K, Perrier C, Romero C, Maes S, Flahou B, Steppe M, Haesebrouck F, Sas B, Ducatelle R, Vermeire S, Van Immerseel F (2013) Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 62(12):1745\u20131752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303611","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"7889_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1515364","volume":"16","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen S, Shen C, Zeng X, Sun L, Luo F, Wan R, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hou Y, Wang W, Zheng Q, Li Y (2025) Energy metabolism and the intestinal barrier: implications for understanding and managing intestinal diseases. Front Microbiol 16:1515364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1515364","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7889_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2015.1122613","volume":"45","author":"M Asarat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asarat M, Apostolopoulos V, Vasiljevic T, Donkor O (2016) Short-chain fatty acids regulate cytokines and Th17\/Treg cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsin vitro. Immunol Invest 45(3):205\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08820139.2015.1122613","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"7889_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309184","volume":"65","author":"S Mondot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mondot S, Lepage P, Seksik P, Allez M, Tr\u00e9ton X, Bouhnik Y, Colombel JF, Leclerc M, Pochart P, Dor\u00e9 J, Marteau P, GETAID (2016) Structural robustness of the gut mucosal microbiota is associated with Crohn\u2019s disease remission after surgery. Gut 65(6):954\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309184","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"7889_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214381","volume":"78","author":"LM Rehaume","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rehaume LM, Matigian N, Mehdi AM, Lachner N, Bowerman KL, Daly J, L\u00ea Cao K-A, Hugenholtz P, Thomas R (2019) IL-23 favours outgrowth of spondyloarthritis-associated pathobionts and suppresses host support for homeostatic microbiota. Ann Rheum Dis 78(4):494\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214381","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:02:53Z","timestamp":1769763773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["7889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-025-07889-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC code 2021\u2013156-PhD-EXP-39).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All subjects\/legal guardians provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}