{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:51:15Z","timestamp":1784332275006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic condition that may develop secondary to cancer and\/or in association with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We aimed to estimate the risk of cancer in RP without known SARDs, phenotypically akin to \u2018primary\u2019 RP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort study using data from North American electronic healthcare organization records. RP was defined using\u2009\u2265\u20092 ICD (I73.0) codes, excluding SARDs. Comparators had\u2009\u2265\u20092 irritable bowel syndrome ICD (K58) codes: selected with similar epidemiology to RP, and without any known excess in cancer risk. Cohorts were stratified by age (&lt;\u200945 and\u2009\u2265\u200945\u00a0years). Our primary outcome was any cancer event. Secondary outcomes were rates of specific cancers: head and neck, digestive, thorax, skin, breast, haematological, male\/female genital. Risk of each outcome was compared using 1:1 propensity score-matched Cox proportional hazard models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 34,582 (&lt;\u200945\u00a0years) and 68,836 (\u2265\u200945\u00a0years) matched pairs, the hazard ratio (HR) of any cancer was higher in RP:\u2009&lt;\u200945 [1.11 (1.03, 1.19)] and\u2009\u2265\u200945 [1.08 (1.05, 1.11)]. Cancer-specific risks were calculated. RP was associated in both age groups with increased risk of thorax (HR 2.077 &amp; 1.433), skin (HR 1.202 &amp;1.213), and haematological (HR 1.647 &amp; 1.338) cancers. RP was associated with decreased risk of digestive cancer (HR 0.686 &amp; 0.894).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RP was associated with an increased risk of cancer, independent of age. We also describe varying cancer-specific risks. Future research is warranted to confirm and explore these novel observations, including potentially shared pathobiological mechanisms.\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\n                                \u2022\u00a0\n                                <jats:italic>RP was associated with an overall increased risk of all cancers in younger (&lt;45years) and older (\u226545\u00a0years) individuals.<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>There was an increased risk of certain (e.g., thorax, skin, and haematological) cancers with RP.<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\n                                <jats:italic>A reduced risk of cancer was also noted for certain cancers, especially GI-related.<\/jats:italic>\n                                \u2022\u00a0\n                                <jats:italic>Future research should confirm and explore these observations, including the pathobiology underpinning potential cancer risk in RP.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-026-07961-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T10:24:20Z","timestamp":1769682260000},"page":"1651-1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An epidemiological study estimating the burden of cancer risk in patients with Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3361-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Jude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna H.","family":"McMahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3190-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uazman","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Ruaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sizheng Steven","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7961_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1507638","volume":"375","author":"FM Wigley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wigley FM, Flavahan NA (2016) Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon. 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UA has no direct COI. However, UA declares that he has received honoraria from Viatris, Gr\u00fcnenthal, Eli Lilly, Procter & Gamble, and for educational meetings and has received investigator-led funding from Procter & Gamble. UA has received sponsorship to educational meetings from Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi. None of the other authors report any relevant disclosures to the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}