{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:08:06Z","timestamp":1788368886443,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T08:24:49Z","timestamp":1774081489000},"page":"2905-2942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy and safety of intra-articular mesenchymal stem cell\u2013based therapies in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9902-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0353-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4244-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Hamyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1765-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Boutros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00594-6","volume":"11","author":"S Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang S, Zhang C, Oo WM, Fu K, Risberg MA, Bierma-Zeinstra SM et al (2025) Osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 11(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-025-00594-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00226-9","volume":"10","author":"L Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong L, Yu H, Huang X, Shen J, Xiao G, Chen L et al (2022) Current understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis and relevant new approaches. Bone Res 10(1):60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00226-9","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8042_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052619","volume":"22","author":"S Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jang S, Lee K, Ju JH (2021) Recent updates of diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Mol Sci 22(5):2619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22052619","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"8042_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95540","volume":"17","author":"D Rodr\u00edguez-Reyes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Reyes D, Vargas-Figueroa R, V\u00e1zquez-Lloret AS, Martinez HEL, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Ortiz RS (2025) Nonoperative management recommendations for knee osteoarthritis: a review of clinical guidelines and treatment alternatives. Cureus 17(10):e95540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.95540","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"8042_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","volume":"8","author":"M Dominici","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D et al (2006) Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8(4):315\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14653240600855905","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"8042_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060949","volume":"13","author":"V Molnar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molnar V, Paveli\u0107 E, Vrdoljak K, \u010cemerin M, Klari\u0107 E, Mati\u0161i\u0107 V et al (2022) Mesenchymal stem cell mechanisms of action and clinical effects in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Genes 13(6):949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13060949","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2019.0326","volume":"27","author":"SSH Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan SSH, Tjio CKE, Wong JRY, Wong KL, Chew JRJ, Hui JHP et al (2021) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review of preclinical in vivo studies. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 27(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.teb.2019.0326","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"8042_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731420943839","volume":"11","author":"H Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le H, Xu W, Zhuang X, Chang F, Wang Y, Ding J (2020) Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. J Tissue Eng 11:2041731420943839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2041731420943839","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"8042_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2329-3","volume":"21","author":"G Filardo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filardo G, Madry H, Jelic M, Roffi A, Cucchiarini M, Kon E (2013) Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of cartilage lesions: from preclinical findings to clinical application in orthopaedics. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21(8):1795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2329-3","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"9","key":"8042_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231179223","volume":"51","author":"KI Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KI, Lee MC, Lee JH, Moon YW, Lee WS, Lee HJ et al (2023) Clinical efficacy and safety of the intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for knee osteoarthritis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 51(9):2243\u20132253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465231179223","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"8042_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000678","volume":"99","author":"A Vega","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vega A, Mart\u00edn-Ferrero MA, Del Canto F, Alberca M, Garc\u00eda V, Munar A et al (2015) Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis With Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Transplantation 99(8):1681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000000678","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519899923","volume":"48","author":"JR Garza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garza JR, Campbell RE, Tjoumakaris FP, Freedman KB, Miller LS, Santa Maria D et al (2020) Clinical efficacy of intra-articular mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a double-blinded prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Sports Med 48(3):588\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546519899923","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"8042_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"8042_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2024.100500","author":"J Freitag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Freitag J, Chamberlain M, Wickham J, Shah K, Cicuttini F, Wang Y et al (2024) Safety and efficacy of an allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell preparation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase I\/IIa randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocarto.2024.100500","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08664-2","volume":"26","author":"Y Holiuk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Holiuk Y, Birsa R, Bukreieva T, Nemtinov P, Kyryk V, Ustymenko A et al (2025) Effectiveness and safety of multiple injections of human placenta-derived MSCs for knee osteoarthritis: a nonrandomized phase I trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 26(1):418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08664-2","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"8042_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897241303275","volume":"34","author":"BW Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee BW, Lee JJ, Jung JY, Ju JH (2025) Intra-articular injection of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Cell Transplant 34:9636897241303275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09636897241303275","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2024.09.005","volume":"27","author":"OA Pico","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pico OA, Espinoza F, C\u00e1diz MI, Sossa CL, Becerra-Bayona SM, Salgado MCC et al (2025) Efficacy of a single dose of cryopreserved human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis:a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Cytotherapy 27(2):188\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2024.09.005","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04233-5","volume":"16","author":"S Sajadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sajadi S, Khadembashiri MA, Raissi G, Khadembashiri MM, Mansouri K, Hadizadeh-Kharazi H et al (2025) The role of adipose-derived stem cells in knee osteoarthritis treatment: insights from a triple-blind clinical study. Stem Cell Res Ther 16(1):242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04233-5","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"8042_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v15.i12.1063","volume":"15","author":"CZ Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu CZ, Shi ZY, Wu Z, Lin WJ, Chen WB, Jia XW et al (2023) Mid-term outcomes of microfragmented adipose tissue plus arthroscopic surgery for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, active-control, multicenter clinical trial. World J Stem Cells 15(12):1063\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4252\/wjsc.v15.i12.1063","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03359-8","volume":"14","author":"B Sadri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadri B, Hassanzadeh M, Bagherifard A, Mohammadi J, Alikhani M, Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K et al (2023) Cartilage regeneration and inflammation modulation in knee osteoarthritis following injection of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a phase II, triple-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 14(1):162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03359-8","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"8042_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02632-w","volume":"29","author":"K Mautner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mautner K, Gottschalk M, Boden SD, Akard A, Bae WC, Black L et al (2023) Cell-based versus corticosteroid injections for knee pain in osteoarthritis: a randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med 29(12):3120\u20133126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02632-w","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8042_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.07.012","volume":"37","author":"KKwai Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho KKwai, Lee WYwai, Griffith JF, Ong MTyun, Li G (2022) Randomized control trial of mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in patients with knee osteoarthritis \u2013 a Hong Kong pilot study. J Orthop Transl 37:69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2022.07.012","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02631-z","volume":"12","author":"CF Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen CF, Hu CC, Wu CT, Wu HTH, Chang CS, Hung YP et al (2021) Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) ELIXCYTE\u00ae: a phase I\/II, randomized, active-control, single-blind, multiple-center clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 12(1):562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02631-z","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2146722","volume":"2021","author":"M Sadat-Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadat-Ali M, AlOmran AS, AlMousa SA, AlSayed HN, AlTabash KW, Azam MQ et al (2021) Autologous bone marrow-derived chondrocytes for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Adv Orthop 2021(1):2146722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/2146722","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"8042_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05732-8","volume":"28","author":"R Bastos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Amaral RJFC, Schott V, Balduino A et al (2020) Intra-articular injection of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells with or without addition of platelet-rich plasma is effective in decreasing pain and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 28(6):1989\u20131999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05732-8","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"8042_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0122","volume":"8","author":"WS Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee WS, Kim HJ, Kim KI, Kim GB, Jin W (2019) Intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 8(6):504\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.18-0122","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2018-0161","volume":"14","author":"J Freitag","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freitag J, Bates D, Wickham J, Shah K, Huguenin L, Tenen A et al (2019) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Regen Med 14(3):213\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/rme-2018-0161","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1248-3","volume":"10","author":"L Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu L, Dai C, Zhang Z, Du H, Li S, Ye P et al (2019) Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase IIb clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 10(1):143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1248-3","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0053","volume":"8","author":"J Matas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matas J, Orrego M, Amenabar D, Infante C, Tapia-Limonchi R, Cadiz MI et al (2019) Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for knee osteoarthritis: repeated MSC dosing is superior to a single MSC dose and to hyaluronic acid in a controlled randomized phase I\/II trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 8(3):215\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.18-0053","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8042_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.08.005","volume":"20","author":"M Emadedin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emadedin M, Labibzadeh N, Liastani MG, Karimi A, Jaroughi N, Bolurieh T et al (2018) Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1\/2 clinical trial. Cytotherapy 20(10):1238\u20131246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.08.005","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1420-z","volume":"16","author":"D Kuah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuah D, Sivell S, Longworth T, James K, Guermazi A, Cicuttini F et al (2018) Safety, tolerability and efficacy of intra-articular Progenza in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single ascending dose study. J Transl Med 16(1):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-018-1420-z","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.11.003","volume":"21","author":"SK Soltani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soltani SK, Forogh B, Ahmadbeigi N, Kharazi HH, Fallahzadeh K, Kashani L et al (2019) Safety and efficacy of allogenic placental mesenchymal stem cells for treating knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Cytotherapy 21(1):54\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.11.003","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13139","volume":"21","author":"D Garay-Mendoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garay-Mendoza D, Villarreal-Mart\u00ednez L, Garza-Bedolla A, P\u00e9rez-Garza DM, Acosta-Olivo C, Vilchez-Cavazos F et al (2018) The effect of intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow stem cells on pain and knee function in patients with osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 21(1):140\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13139","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1195-7","volume":"18","author":"PK Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta PK, Chullikana A, Rengasamy M, Shetty N, Pandey V, Agarwal V et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of adult human bone marrow-derived, cultured, pooled, allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (Stempeucel\u00ae): preclinical and clinical trial in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Arthritis Res Ther 18(1):301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-016-1195-7","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0998-2","volume":"14","author":"JM Lamo-Espinosa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lamo-Espinosa JM, Mora G, Blanco JF, Granero-Molt\u00f3 F, Nu\u00f1ez-C\u00f3rdoba JM, S\u00e1nchez-Echenique C et al (2016) Intra-articular injection of two different doses of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (phase I\/II). J Transl Med 14(1):246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-016-0998-2","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"8042_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.7507\/1002-1892.20160305","volume":"30","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jin W, Liu H, Cui Y, Mao Q, Fei Z et al (2016) Curative effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by intra-articular injection for degenerative knee osteoarthritis. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhongguo Xiufu Chongjian Waike Zazhi Chin J Reparative Reconstr Surg 30(12):1472\u20131477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7507\/1002-1892.20160305","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhongguo Xiufu Chongjian Waike Zazhi Chin J Reparative Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00058","volume":"96","author":"CTJ Vangsness","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vangsness CTJ, Farr JI, Boyd J, Dellaero DT, Mills CR, LeRoux-Williams M (2014) Adult human mesenchymal stem cells delivered via intra-articular injection to the knee following partial medial meniscectomy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. JBJS 96(2):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.M.00058","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"12","key":"8042_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.09.074","volume":"29","author":"KL Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong KL, Lee KBL, Tai BC, Law P, Lee EH, Hui JHP (2013) Injectable cultured bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells in varus knees with cartilage defects undergoing high tibial osteotomy: a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial with 2 years\u2019 follow-up. Arthroscopy 29(12):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.09.074","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0504","volume":"10","author":"S Wakitani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wakitani S, Imoto K, Yamamoto T, Saito M, Murata N, Yoneda M (2002) Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 10(3):199\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/joca.2001.0504","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"10","key":"8042_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.109","volume":"9","author":"F Barry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barry F, Murphy M (2013) Mesenchymal stem cells in joint disease and repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9(10):584\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.109","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8042_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0245","volume":"5","author":"YM Pers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pers YM, Rackwitz L, Ferreira R, Pullig O, Delfour C, Barry F et al (2016) Adipose mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a phase I dose-escalation trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 5(7):847\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5966\/sctm.2015-0245","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8042_CR42","first-page":"1188","volume":"34","author":"F Tubach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tubach F, Ravaud P, Beaton D, Boers M, Bombardier C, Felson DT et al (2007) Minimal clinically important improvement and patient acceptable symptom state for subjective outcome measures in rheumatic disorders. J Rheumatol 34(5):1188\u20131193","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR43","first-page":"131","volume":"29","author":"F Angst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Angst F, Aeschlimann A, Michel BA, Stucki G (2002) Minimal clinically important rehabilitation effects in patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremities. J Rheumatol 29(1):131\u2013138","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64","volume":"3","author":"EM Roos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roos EM, Lohmander LS (2003) The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 3(1):64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"11","key":"8042_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20632","volume":"63","author":"NJ Collins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins NJ, Misra D, Felson DT, Crossley KM, Roos EM (2011) Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS). Arthritis Care Res 63(11):208\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20632","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"8042_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00007","volume":"134","author":"DT Felson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Felson DT, Chaisson CE, Hill CL, Totterman SM, Gale ME, Skinner KM et al (2001) The association of bone marrow lesions with pain in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med 134(7):541\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"8042_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018","volume":"21","author":"T Neogi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neogi T (2013) The epidemiology and impact of pain in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21(9):1145\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"10","key":"8042_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2014.499.x","volume":"18","author":"E Lluch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lluch E, Torres R, Nijs J, Van Oosterwijck J (2014) Evidence for central sensitization in patients with osteoarthritis pain: a systematic literature review. Eur J Pain 18(10):1367\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2014.499.x","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"8042_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4719-1","volume":"474","author":"S Lyman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyman S, Lee YY, Franklin PD, Li W, Cross MB, Padgett DE (2016) Validation of the KOOS, JR: a short-form knee arthroplasty outcomes survey. Clin Orthop 474(6):1461\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-016-4719-1","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"8042_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.03.010","volume":"24","author":"NJ Collins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins NJ, Prinsen CaC, Christensen R, Bartels EM, Terwee CB, Roos EM (2016) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): systematic review and meta-analysis of measurement properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 24(8):1317\u20131329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2016.03.010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231218260","volume":"12","author":"TJ Spiering","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spiering TJ, Firth AD, Mousoulis C, Hallstrom BR, Gagnier JJ (2024) Establishing the minimally important difference for the KOOS\u2013Joint Replacement and PROMIS Global\u201310 in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Orthop J Sports Med 12(2):23259671231218260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671231218260","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"8042_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4934","volume":"345","author":"KL Bennell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bennell KL, Hunter DJ, Hinman RS (2012) Management of osteoarthritis of the knee. BMJ 345:e4934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.e4934","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","volume":"18","author":"ST Skou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skou ST, Roos EM (2017) Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D\u2122): evidence-based education and supervised neuromuscular exercise delivered by certified physiotherapists nationwide. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.05.001","volume":"26","author":"SP Messier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Messier SP (2010) Diet and exercise for obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med 26(3):461\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2010.05.001","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"8042_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095424","volume":"49","author":"M Fransen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fransen M, McConnell S, Harmer AR, der Van Esch M, Simic M, Bennell KL (2015) Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med 49(24):1554\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095424","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"8042_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.05.017","volume":"21","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Zhang Y, Neogi T (2013) Structural correlates of pain in joints with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21(9):1170\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.05.017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1310-6","volume":"17","author":"FW Roemer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Collins JE, Losina E, Nevitt MC, Lynch JA et al (2016) Semi-quantitative MRI biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression in the FNIH biomarkers consortium cohort\u2009-\u2009methodologic aspects and definition of change. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17(1):466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-016-1310-6","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"8042_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","volume":"64","author":"RF Loeser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB (2012) Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum 64(6):1697\u20131707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.34453","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10182","key":"8042_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","volume":"393","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet 393(10182):1745\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"8042_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.067470","volume":"66","author":"CL Hill","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hill CL, Hunter DJ, Niu J, Clancy M, Guermazi A, Genant H et al (2007) Synovitis detected on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to pain and cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 66(12):1599\u20131603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2006.067470","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-116","volume":"9","author":"J Bedson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bedson J, Croft PR (2008) The discordance between clinical and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic search and summary of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 9(1):116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-9-116","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"8042_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.06.025","volume":"21","author":"CMM Peeters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peeters CMM, Leijs MJC, Reijman M, van Osch GJVM, Bos PK (2013) Safety of intra-articular cell-therapy with culture-expanded stem cells in humans: a systematic literature review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21(10):1465\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.06.025","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"15","key":"8042_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096793","volume":"51","author":"HI Pas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pas HI, Winters M, Haisma HJ, Koenis MJ, Tol JL, Moen MH (2017) Stem cell injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 51(15):1125\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096793","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002803","volume":"105","author":"D Kasitinon","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kasitinon D, Williams R, Peraka V, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L, Jain NB (2026) Accuracy and efficacy of intra-articular knee injections\/aspirations under ultrasound versus landmark guidance: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 105(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002803","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.599071","volume":"41","author":"WL Sibbitt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sibbitt WL, Kettwich LG, Band PA, Chavez-Chiang NR, DeLea SL, Haseler LJ et al (2012) Does ultrasound guidance improve the outcomes of arthrocentesis and corticosteroid injection of the knee? Scand J Rheumatol 41(1):66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03009742.2011.599071","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.01.003","volume":"7","author":"JT Finnoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finnoff JT, Hall MM, Adams E, Berkoff D, Concoff AL, Dexter W et al (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. PM R 7(2):151-168.e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.01.003","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"8","key":"8042_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.006","volume":"40","author":"HB Abac\u0131o\u011flu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abac\u0131o\u011flu HB, Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya B, Kara M, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L (2025) Letter regarding \u201cPlatelet-Rich Plasma Injections are inferior to corticosteroid injections for short-term pain relief: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.\u201d J Arthroplasty 40(8):e49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.006","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"8042_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44326-025-00075-w","volume":"12","author":"G Viviano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viviano G, Adebanjo A, De Filippo M (2025) Ultrasound-guided infiltrative therapy of the knee. J Med Imaging Interv Radiol 12(1):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44326-025-00075-w","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8042_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.70107","volume":"54","author":"HB Abac\u0131o\u011flu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Abac\u0131o\u011flu HB, \u00c7olak AF, Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya B, Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya H, \u00c7etin A (2026) Mucoid Degeneration of Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments: A Rare Coexistence Detected Owing to Ultrasound. J Clin Ultrasound JCU 54(3):783\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcu.70107","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound JCU"},{"issue":"8","key":"8042_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31823a49a4","volume":"17","author":"WL Sibbitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sibbitt WL, Band PA, Kettwich LG, Chavez-Chiang NR, Delea SL, Bankhurst AD (2011) A randomized controlled trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of sonographic guidance for intra-articular injection of the osteoarthritic knee. J Clin Rheumatol Pract Rep Rheum Musculoskelet Dis 17(8):409\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31823a49a4","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol Pract Rep Rheum Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.02.007","volume":"41","author":"J Hermans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hermans J, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Bos PK, Verhaar JAN, Reijman M (2011) The most accurate approach for intra-articular needle placement in the knee joint: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41(2):106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.02.007","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"8042_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","volume":"27","author":"RR Bannuru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, Arden NK, Bennell K, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA et al (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 27(11):1578\u20131589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"8042_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41142","volume":"72","author":"SL Kolasinski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, Oatis C, Guyatt G, Block J et al (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology\/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Rheumatol 72(2):220\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41142","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:49:17Z","timestamp":1775792957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["8042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08042-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0770-3198","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}