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Horses were randomly assigned to the spaced-training condition (2\u00a0min work, 2\u00a0min rest, 2\u00a0min work, 2\u00a0min rest) or the massed-training condition (4\u00a0min work, 4\u00a0min rest). Total training time per session and total rest per session were held constant. Days between sessions (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) were held as consistent as possible given the constraints of conducting research on a working ranch and safety\u2013threatening weather conditions. During each training session, the same hypothesis-na\u00efve rider shaped horses to cross a novel obstacle. Fifteen of 16 horses in the spaced-training condition reached performance criterion (94% success) while only 5 of 13 horses in the massed-training condition reached performance criterion (39% success). Horses in the spaced-training condition also initiated their first obstacle-crossing faster than horses in the massed-training condition and were faster at completing eight crossings than horses in the massed-training condition. Overall, task acquisition was higher for horses undergoing spaced training despite both groups experiencing the same total work and rest time per session. These findings generalize the learning-performance benefit observed in human spaced practice to horses and offer applied benefit to equine training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-021-01580-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T09:02:58Z","timestamp":1638522178000},"page":"683-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spaced training enhances equine learning performance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Frederick R.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristi S.","family":"Multhaup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-5778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savannah R.","family":"Erwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031407","volume":"90","author":"A Amsel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Amsel A, Wong PT, Traupmann KL (1971) Short-term and long-term factors in extinction and durable persistence. 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