{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:56:55Z","timestamp":1775865415891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1090251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090251"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"University of Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anim Cogn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Escaping from predation saves life, but costs energy and time. The \u201cthreat-sensitive predator-avoidance\u201d hypothesis proposes that prey may modulate their antipredator responses, and thus the associated costs, in accordance with the magnitude of predation risk. This process requires that prey accurately assess this risk by decoding available information from various sources. For example, distress calls are uttered by prey when a predator traps them and can serve as public information on predation risk. Such is the case for the weeping lizard whose distress calls trigger immobility in conspecifics. Here, we tested whether this antipredator response of the weeping lizard is modulated by witnessing predation. We exposed lizards to distress calls alone or paired with models of a prey (conspecific), a predator (snake), or a predatory event (a snake subjugating the conspecific). Data show that the sole presence of the predator or prey paired with distress calls seems not to modulate the antipredator responses. Contrarily, witnessing a predatory event associated with calls intensified antipredator responses; lizards reduced their activity for longer and avoided proximity to the stimuli, which may decrease predation risk by reducing the likelihood of being detected by the predator. We conclude that the weeping lizard can use multisensorial public information to assess predation risk and modulate its antipredator responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T17:02:41Z","timestamp":1674320561000},"page":"953-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Response of the weeping lizard to distress calls: the effect of witnessing predation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonieta","family":"Labra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0310.2000.00619.x","volume":"106","author":"JK Baack","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baack JK, Switzer PV (2000) Alarm calls affect foraging behavior in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus, Rodentia: Sciuridae). Ethology 106:1057\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1439-0310.2000.00619.x","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"1743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80046-6","volume":"42","author":"J Burger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Burger J, Gochfeld M, Murray BGJ (1991) Role of a predator\u2019s eye size in risk perception by basking black iguana, Ctenosaura similis. Anim Behav 42:471\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80046-6","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1983.tb02161.x","volume":"62","author":"GM Burghardt","year":"1983","unstructured":"Burghardt GM, Denny D (1983) Effects of prey movement and prey odor on feeding in garter snakes. Z Tierpsychol 62:329\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1983.tb02161.x","journal-title":"Z Tierpsychol"},{"key":"1743_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-017-2361-x","volume":"71","author":"NV Carlson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carlson NV, Pargeter HM, Templeton CN (2017) Sparrowhawk movement, calling, and presence of dead conspecifics differentially impact blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) vocal and behavioral mobbing responses. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 71:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-017-2361-x","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1743_CR5","volume-title":"Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals","author":"TM Caro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caro TM (2005) Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals. The University of Chicago Press, London"},{"key":"1743_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12440","volume":"85","author":"LB Catano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catano LB, Rojas MC, Malossi RJ, Peters JR, Heithaus MR, Fourqurean JW, Burkepile DE (2016) Reefscapes of fear: predation risk and reef heterogeneity interact to shape herbivore foraging behaviour. J Anim Ecol 85:146\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.12440","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1163\/156853994X00190","volume":"131","author":"MR Conover","year":"1994","unstructured":"Conover MR (1994) Stimuli eliciting distress calls in adult passerines and response of predators and birds to their broadcast. Behaviour 131:19\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/156853994X00190","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"1743_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01320.x","volume":"57","author":"MR Conover","year":"1981","unstructured":"Conover MR, Perito JJ (1981) Response of starlings to distress calls and predator models holding conspecific prey. Z Tierpsychol 57:163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01320.x","journal-title":"Z Tierpsychol"},{"key":"1743_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.01.005","volume":"148","author":"J Constanzo-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Constanzo-Ch\u00e1vez J, Penna M, Labra A (2018) Comparing the antipredator behaviour of two sympatric, but not syntopic, Liolaemus lizards. Behav Processes 148:34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.01.005","journal-title":"Behav Processes"},{"key":"1743_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107447189","volume-title":"Escaping from predators: an integrative view of escape decisions","author":"WE Cooper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cooper WE, Blumstein DT (2015) Escaping from predators: an integrative view of escape decisions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1743_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000343072","volume":"83","author":"MC Crofoot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crofoot MC (2012) Why mob? Reassessing the costs and benefits of primate predator harassment. Folia Primatol 83:252\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000343072","journal-title":"Folia Primatol"},{"key":"1743_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11231","volume":"526","author":"C Cur\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cur\u00e9 C, Sivle LD, Visser F, Wensveen PJ, Isojunno S, Harris CM, Kvadsheim PH, Lam FPA, Miller PJO (2015) Predator sound playbacks reveal strong avoidance responses in a fight strategist baleen whale. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 526:267\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps11231","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"1743_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03572","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3572","volume":"12","author":"CA Diggins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diggins CA (2021) Behaviors associated with vocal communication of squirrels. Ecosphere 12:e03572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.3572","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"1743_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2020.1808069","volume":"30","author":"M Dutour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutour M, Walsh SL, Ridley AR (2021) Australian magpies adjust their alarm calls according to predator distance. Bioacoustics 30:458\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09524622.2020.1808069","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"1743_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-007-0053-0","volume":"26","author":"DA Eifler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eifler DA, Eifler MA, Harris BR (2008) Foraging under the risk of predation in desert grassland whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis uniparens). J Ethol 26:219\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10164-007-0053-0","journal-title":"J Ethol"},{"key":"1743_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.625831","author":"MA Elgar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elgar MA, Riehl C (2021) Editorial: mechanisms of communication and recognition in social evolution. Front Ecol Evol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fevo.2020.625831","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"key":"1743_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377141","volume":"53","author":"ME Feder","year":"1982","unstructured":"Feder ME, Arnold SJ (1982) Anaerobic metabolism and behavior during predatory encounters between snakes (Thamnophis elegans) and salamanders (Plethodon jordani). Oecologia 53:93\u201397","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"1743_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1139\/z76-167","volume":"54","author":"M Fenton","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fenton M, Belwood J, Fullard J, Kunz T (1976) Responses of Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) to calls of conspecifics and to other sounds. Can J Zool 54:1443\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z76-167","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"1743_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-020-00666-y","volume":"39","author":"LJ Fong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fong LJ, Navea F, Labra A (2021) Does Liolaemus lemniscatus eavesdrop on the distress calls of the sympatric weeping lizard? J Ethol 39:11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10164-020-00666-y","journal-title":"J Ethol"},{"key":"1743_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12201","volume":"91","author":"MG Gardner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gardner MG, Pearson SK, Johnston GR, Schwarz MP (2016) Group living in squamate reptiles: a review of evidence for stable aggregations. Biol Rev 91:925\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12201","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"1743_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6203-7_5","volume-title":"Playback and studies of animal communication","author":"HC Gerhardt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gerhardt HC (1992) Conducting playback experiments and interpreting their results. In: McGregor PK (ed) Playback and studies of animal communication. Springer US, Boston, pp 59\u201377"},{"key":"1743_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1139\/z03-162","volume":"81","author":"SA Gill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gill SA, Sealy SG (2003) Tests of two functions of alarm calls given by yellow warblers during nest defence. Can J Zool 81:1685\u20131690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z03-162","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"1743_CR23","first-page":"485","volume":"65","author":"HW Greene","year":"1992","unstructured":"Greene HW, Jaksi\u0107 FM (1992) The feeding behavior and natural history of two Chilean snakes, Philodryas chamissonis and Tachymenis chiliensis (Colubridae). Rev Chil Hist Nat 65:485\u2013493","journal-title":"Rev Chil Hist Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300117","volume":"24","author":"G Helfman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Helfman G (1989) Threat-sensitive predator avoidance in damselfish-trumpetfish interactions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 24:47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00300117","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1743_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(86)80128-2","volume":"34","author":"GE Hill","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hill GE (1986) The function of distress calls given by tufted titmice (Parus bicolor): an experimental approach. Anim Behav 34:590\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-3472(86)80128-2","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12127","volume":"119","author":"M Hoare","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoare M, Labra A (2013) Searching for the audience of the weeping lizard\u2019s distress call. Ethology 119:860\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eth.12127","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"1743_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1086\/284083","volume":"121","author":"G H\u00f6gstedt","year":"1983","unstructured":"H\u00f6gstedt G (1983) Adaptation unto death: function of fear screams. Am Nat 121:562\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/284083","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2003.2190","volume":"66","author":"MD Jennions","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jennions MD, Backwell PRY, Murai M, Christy JH (2003) Hiding behaviour in fiddler crabs: how long should prey hide in response to a potential predator? Anim Behav 66:251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbe.2003.2190","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arab142","volume":"33","author":"\u0141 Jermacz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jermacz \u0141, Kletkiewicz H, Pozna\u0144ska-Kakareko M, Klimiuk M, Kobak J (2022) Chronic predation risk affects prey escape abilities through behavioral and physiological changes. Behav Ecol 33:298\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arab142","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00042-2","volume":"25","author":"M Kavaliers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kavaliers M, Choleris E (2001) Antipredator responses and defensive behavior: ecological and ethological approaches for the neurosciences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25:577\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00042-2","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1743_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01365.x","volume":"66","author":"GM Klump","year":"1984","unstructured":"Klump GM, Shalter MD (1984) Acoustic behavior of birds and mammals in the predator context. I. Factors affecting the structure of alarm signals. II. The functional-significance and evolution of alarm signals. Z Tierpsychol 66:189\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01365.x","journal-title":"Z Tierpsychol"},{"key":"1743_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(76)80108-X","volume":"24","author":"H Kruuk","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kruuk H (1976) The biological function of gulls\u2019 attraction towards predators. Anim Behav 24:146\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-3472(76)80108-X","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2011.00832.x","volume":"285","author":"A Labra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Labra A (2011) Chemical stimuli and species recognition in Liolaemus lizards. J Zool 285:215\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2011.00832.x","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"1743_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10211-014-0203-7","volume":"18","author":"A Labra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Labra A, Hoare M (2015) Chemical recognition in a snake-lizard predator-prey system. Acta Ethol 18:173\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10211-014-0203-7","journal-title":"Acta Ethol"},{"key":"1743_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2004.01005.x","volume":"110","author":"A Labra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Labra A, Niemeyer HM (2004) Variability in the assessment of snake predation risk by Liolaemus lizards. Ethology 110:649\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2004.01005.x","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"1743_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1086\/600088","volume":"174","author":"A Labra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Labra A, Pienaar J, Hansen TF (2009) Evolution of thermal physiology in Liolaemus lizards: adaptation, phylogenetic inertia, and niche tracking. Am Nat 174:204\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/600088","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1643\/CE-12-026","volume":"2013","author":"A Labra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Labra A, Silva G, Norambuena F, Vel\u00e1squez N, Penna M (2013) Acoustic features of the weeping lizard\u2019s distress call. Copeia 2013:206\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1643\/CE-12-026","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"1743_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12522","volume":"122","author":"A Labra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Labra A, Reyes-Olivares C, Weymann M (2016) Asymmetric response to heterotypic distress calls in the lizard Liolaemus chiliensis. Ethology 122:758\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eth.12522","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"1743_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2425860","author":"LE Licht","year":"1986","unstructured":"Licht LE (1986) Comparative escape behavior of sympatric Rana aurora and Rana pretiosa. Am Midl Nat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2425860","journal-title":"Am Midl Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1086\/303202","volume":"153","author":"SL Lima","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lima SL, Bednekoff PA (1999) Temporal variation in danger drives antipredator behavior: the predation risk allocation hypothesis. Am Nat 153:649\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/303202","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-092","volume":"68","author":"SL Lima","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lima SL, Dill LM (1990) Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can J Zool 68:619\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z90-092","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"1743_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima SL, Steury TD (2005) Perception of predation risk: the foundation of nonlethal predator-prey interactions. In: Barbosa P, Castellanos I (eds) Ecology of predator-prey interactions. Oxford University Press, New York.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171204.003.0008"},{"key":"1743_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12122","volume":"90","author":"RD Magrath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magrath RD, Haff TM, Fallow PM, Radford AN (2015) Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls: from mechanisms to consequences. Biol Rev 90:560\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12122","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"1743_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/10.5.487","volume":"10","author":"J Mart\u00edn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn J, L\u00f3pez P (1999) When to come out from a refuge: risk-sensitive and state-dependent decisions in an alpine lizard. Behav Ecol 10:487\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/10.5.487","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003194","volume":"151","author":"TR McRae","year":"2014","unstructured":"McRae TR, Green SM (2014) Joint tail and vocal alarm signals of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). Behaviour 151:1433\u20131452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/1568539X-00003194","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"1743_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arr220","volume":"23","author":"NE Munoz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Munoz NE, Blumstein DT (2012) Multisensory perception in uncertain environments. Behav Ecol 23:457\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arr220","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1086\/431246","volume":"166","author":"SR Partan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Partan SR, Marler P (2005) Issues in the classification of multimodal communication signals. Am Nat 166:231\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/431246","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.12.029","volume":"77","author":"SR Partan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Partan SR, Larco CP, Owens MJ (2009) Wild tree squirrels respond with multisensory enhancement to conspecific robot alarm behaviour. Anim Behav 77:1127\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.12.029","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR49","first-page":"404","volume":"92","author":"M Perrone Jr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Perrone M Jr (1980) Factors affecting the incidence of distress calls in Passerines. Wilson Bull 92:404\u2013408","journal-title":"Wilson Bull"},{"key":"1743_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013679532070","volume":"27","author":"MH Persons","year":"2001","unstructured":"Persons MH, Rypstra AL (2001) Wolf spiders show graded antipredator behavior in the presence of chemical cues from different sized predators. J Chem Ecol 27:2493\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1013679532070","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1898\/NWN13-18.1","volume":"95","author":"SA Peterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peterson SA, Colwell MA (2014) Experimental evidence that scare tactics and effigies reduce corvid occurrence. Northwest Nat 95:103\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1898\/NWN13-18.1","journal-title":"Northwest Nat"},{"key":"1743_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.3.309","volume":"11","author":"EV Pravosudova","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pravosudova EV, Grubb TC Jr (2000) An experimental test of the prolonged brood care model in the tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor). Behav Ecol 11:309\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/11.3.309","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.06.007","volume":"78","author":"D Rendall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rendall D, Owren MJ, Ryan MJ (2009) What do animal signals mean? Anim Behav 78:233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.06.007","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-65382016000100013","volume":"80","author":"C Reyes-Olivares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reyes-Olivares C, Rain-Garrido I, Labra A (2016) The eye-bulging in Liolaemus lizards (Weigmann 1843). Gayana 80:129\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0717-65382016000100013","journal-title":"Gayana"},{"key":"1743_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.05.004","volume":"165","author":"MR Ruiz-Monachesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruiz-Monachesi MR, Labra A (2020) Complex distress calls sound frightening: the case of the weeping lizard. Anim Behav 165:71\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.05.004","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198528609.001.0001","volume-title":"Avoiding attack: the evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals and mimicry","author":"GD Ruxton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruxton GD, Sherratt TN, Speed MP (2004) Avoiding attack: the evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals and mimicry. Oxford Univesity Press, Oxford"},{"key":"1743_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.3.239","volume":"11","author":"R Shine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shine R, Olsson MM, Lemaster MP, Moore IT, Mason RT (2000) Effects of sex, body size, temperature, and location on the antipredator tactics of free-ranging gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis, Colubridae). Behav Ecol 11:239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/11.3.239","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1743_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3251","volume":"272","author":"T Stankowich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stankowich T, Blumstein DT (2005) Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 272:2627\u20132634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3251","journal-title":"P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci"},{"key":"1743_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-004-0771-z","volume":"56","author":"J Stapley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stapley J (2004) Do mountain log skinks (Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii) modify their behaviour in the presence of two predators? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 56:185\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-004-0771-z","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1743_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10239","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10239","volume":"5","author":"TN Suzuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suzuki TN (2015) Assessment of predation risk through referential communication in incubating birds. Sci Rep 5:10239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep10239","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1743_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.08.021","volume":"109","author":"KN Swift","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swift KN, Marzluff JM (2015) Wild American crows gather around their dead to learn about danger. Anim Behav 109:187\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.08.021","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.02.009","volume":"56","author":"M Thaker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thaker M, Lima SL, Hews DK (2009) Acute corticosterone elevation enhances antipredator behaviors in male tree lizard morphs. Horm Behav 56:51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.02.009","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292559","volume":"6","author":"DW Thomas","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thomas DW, Fenton MB, Barclay RM (1979) Social behavior of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus: I. Mating behavior. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 6:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00292559","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1743_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.04.001","volume":"60","author":"WP Trompeter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trompeter WP, Langkilde T (2011) Invader danger: lizards faced with novel predators exhibit an altered behavioral response to stress. Horm Behav 60:152\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"1743_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1670\/19-074","volume":"54","author":"S Valdecantos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valdecantos S, Ruiz-Monachesi MR, Labra A (2020) Testing the functionality of lipids from feces in the conspecific recognition of the Weeping lizard, Liolaemus chiliensis. J Herpetol 54:476\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1670\/19-074","journal-title":"J Herpetol"},{"key":"1743_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-048X.2010.04974.x","volume":"41","author":"F Zoratto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zoratto F, Carere C, Chiarotti F, Santucci D, Alleva E (2010) Aerial hunting behaviour and predation success by peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus on starling flocks Sturnus vulgaris. J Avian Biol 41:427\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-048X.2010.04974.x","journal-title":"J Avian Biol"},{"key":"1743_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-3454(09)40008-1","volume":"40","author":"K Zuberb\u00fchler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zuberb\u00fchler K (2009) Survivor signals: the biology and psychology of animal alarm calling. Adv Stud Behav 40:277\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-3454(09)40008-1","journal-title":"Adv Stud Behav"}],"container-title":["Animal Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T05:00:29Z","timestamp":1701752429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10071-023-01743-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-9448","1435-9456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-9448","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-9456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study had the authorizations of SAG (Resolution No. 7266) and the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}