{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:18:15Z","timestamp":1765966695461,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anim Cogn"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study explored whether a well-socialized Steller sea lion named Hama could reproduce similar actions with human demonstrations using the \u201cDo as I do\u201d (DAID) paradigm. Hama had learned 50 types of behaviors, but her social learning ability was unknown. In Study 1, we trained Hama to produce simultaneous DAID responses. After introducing the DAID training, we conducted four tests to confirm Hama\u2019s acquisition of demonstrator-matching behavior. We found that Hama successfully acquired the action-matching ability for human actions, not only with three trained actions but also with six out of seven untrained actions (see Test 1 and Test 2). Moreover, Hama\u2019s DAID performance was stable regardless of the familiarity of human demonstrators (see Test 1 and Test 2). Hama successfully performed two completely novel body actions that were not included in her prior learning repertoire, but failed to replicate actions involving object manipulation (see Test 3). She showed no response in control trials without demonstrations, providing partial evidence for negative control (see Test 4). In Study 2, we introduced Hama to performing non-simultaneous DAID responses, which involved suppressing immediate simultaneous actions following the demonstrator and then reproducing the actions upon the verbal cue \u201cGo.\u201d She accurately performed the DAID response even when she delayed her response until the demonstrator\u2019s demonstration was completed (Test 5). Importantly, she reproduced the action accurately when visual contact between the demonstrator and herself was blocked after the demonstration, eliminating the Clever Hans effect as a potential influence on her simultaneous DAID response (Test 6). However, she could not reproduce small or untrained actions (Test 7). These results suggest that Hama may be able to accurately map human action sequences in body-oriented actions to some extent. This study provides the first evidence of motor imitation ability in captive pinnipeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-025-01971-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T05:32:00Z","timestamp":1750397520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do as I do imitation in a steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hinano","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitsugu","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-012-0546-2","volume":"16","author":"JZ Abramson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abramson JZ, Hern\u00e1ndez-Lloreda MV, Call J, Colmenares F (2013) Experimental evidence for action imitation in killer whales (Orcinus orca). 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The experimental design of this study adhered to the animal welfare regulations of JAZA and the guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioral research and teaching by the Animal Behavior Society and Association for the Study of Animal Behavior (Buchanan et al. 2020), and was approved by the ethical management branch of the facility (October 18, 2023). Steller sea\u00a0lions at the facility receive meticulous daily care, including necessary clinical veterinary treatment provided monthly, to ensure their health and well-being.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"49"}}