{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:47:12Z","timestamp":1791402432433,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1111-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T09:56:05Z","timestamp":1336470965000},"page":"387-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Brain and aviation: on the 80th anniversary of Constantin von Economo\u2019s (1876\u20131931) death"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Sak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.240.6.568","volume":"240","author":"RA Kyle","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Shampo MA (1978) Constantin von Economo. JAMA 240:568","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.10.1696","volume":"58","author":"MS Dickman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dickman MS (2001) von Economo encephalitis. Arch Neurol 58:1696\u20131698","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1111_CR3","unstructured":"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1901\u20131951. http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/nomination\/country.html . Accessed 05 September 2011"},{"key":"1111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06011.x","volume":"1225","author":"JM Allman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allman JM, Tetreault NA, Hakeem AY, Manaye KF, Semendeferi K, Erwin JM, Park S, Goubert V, Hof PR (2011) The von Economo neurons in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1225:59\u201371. doi: 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06011.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1111_CR5","volume-title":"Baron Constantin von Economo: his life and work","author":"KF Schonburg-Hartenstein von Economo","year":"1937","unstructured":"Schonburg-Hartenstein von Economo KF, von Wagner-Jauregg J (1937) Baron Constantin von Economo: his life and work. Free Press Interstate Printing Corp, Burlington"},{"key":"1111_CR6","first-page":"243","volume":"25","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jellinger KA (2006) Highlights in the history of neurosciences in Austria\u2014review. Clin Neuropathol 25:243\u2013252","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"1111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.02.001","volume":"69","author":"LC Triarhou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Triarhou LC (2006) The signalling contributions of Constantin von Economo to basic, clinical and evolutionary neuroscience. Brain Res Bull 69:223\u2013243","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0308-7","volume":"254","author":"LC Triarhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Triarhou LC (2007) Constantin von Economo. J Neurol 254:550\u2013551","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1111_CR9","volume-title":"Constantin von Economo: the man and the scientist","author":"L Bogaert van","year":"1979","unstructured":"van Bogaert L, Th\u00e9odorid\u00e8s J (1979) Constantin von Economo: the man and the scientist. Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien"},{"key":"1111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.2.167","volume":"60","author":"JM Pearce","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pearce JM (1996) Baron Constantin von Economo and encephalitis lethargica. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:167","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1111_CR11","first-page":"1327","volume":"6","author":"L Premuda","year":"1977","unstructured":"Premuda L (1977) La formazione intellettuale e scientifica di Constantin von Economo. Rassegn Stud Psichiatr 6:1327","journal-title":"Rassegn Stud Psichiatr"},{"key":"1111_CR12","unstructured":"Lombroso C (1864) Genio e Follia. Fratelli Bocca, Roma. English edition: Lombroso C (1891) The man of genius. W. Scott, London"},{"key":"1111_CR13","first-page":"73","volume":"431","author":"C Economo von","year":"1918","unstructured":"von Economo C (1918) Wilsons Krankheit und das Syndr\u00f4me du corps stri\u00e9. Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr 431:73\u2013209","journal-title":"Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"1111_CR14","first-page":"418","volume":"36","author":"C Economo von","year":"1914","unstructured":"von Economo C (1914) Die heredit\u00e4ren Verh\u00e4ltnisse bei der Paranoia querulans. Jahrb Psychiatr Neurol (Leipzig) 36:418\u2013442","journal-title":"Jahrb Psychiatr Neurol (Leipzig)"},{"key":"1111_CR15","first-page":"2161","volume":"78","author":"H Spatz","year":"1931","unstructured":"Spatz H (1931) Constantin von Economo. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 78:2161\u20132163","journal-title":"MMW Munch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1111_CR16","first-page":"581","volume":"30","author":"C Economo von","year":"1917","unstructured":"von Economo C (1917) Encephalitis lethargica. Wien Klin Wochenschr 30:581\u2013585","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"1111_CR17","volume-title":"Die encephalitis lethargica","author":"C Economo von","year":"1918","unstructured":"von Economo C (1918) Die encephalitis lethargica. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig\/Vienna"},{"key":"1111_CR18","first-page":"1055","volume":"68","author":"C Economo von","year":"1918","unstructured":"von Economo C, von Wiesner R (1918) Encephalitis lethargica (Verein fur Psyhiatrie und Neurologie in Wien, Sitzung vom 10 Juli 1917). Wien Med Wochenschr 68:1055\u20131056","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90820-0","volume":"320","author":"RT Ravenholt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ravenholt RT, Foege WH (1982) 1918 influenza, encephalitis lethargica, Parkinsonism. Lancet 320:860\u2013864","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.7.696","volume":"60","author":"S McCall","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCall S, Henry JM, Reid AH, Taubenberger JK (2001) Influenza RNA not detected in archival brain tissues from acute encephalitis lethargica cases or in postencephalitic Parkinson cases. J Clin Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:696\u2013704","journal-title":"J Clin Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-003-0795-1","volume":"442","author":"KC Lo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lo KC, Geddes JF, Daniels RS, Oxford JS (2003) Lack of detection of influenza genes in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded brain samples of encephalitis lethargica patients from 1916 to 1920. Virchows Arch 442:591\u2013596","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"1111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh063","volume":"127","author":"A Vincent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vincent A (2004) Encephalitis lethargica: part of a spectrum of post-streptococcal autoimmune diseases? Brain 127:2\u20133","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.03.006","volume":"75","author":"AA Alexander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexander AA, Patel NJ, Southammakosane CA, Mortensen MM (2011) Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS): an indication for tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 75:872\u2013873","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21855","volume":"23","author":"AJ Lees","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lees AJ, Selikhova M, Andrade LA, Duyckaerts C (2008) The black stuff and Konstantin Nikolaevich Tretiakoff. Mov Disord 23:777\u2013783","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21352","volume":"22","author":"G Ransmayr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ransmayr G (2007) Constantin von Economo\u2019s contribution to the understanding of movement disorders. Mov Disord 22:469\u2013475","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0487-6","volume":"32","author":"JA Vilensky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vilensky JA, Duvosin RC, Gilman S (2011) The diagnosis of postencephalitic Parkinsonism at the neurological unit of Boston City Hospital, 1930\u20131981. Neurol Sci 32:343\u2013346","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1111_CR27","first-page":"366","volume":"42","author":"C Economo von","year":"1929","unstructured":"von Economo C (1929) Encephalitis lethargica und encephalomyelite subaiguediffuse von Cruchet. Wien Klin Wochenschr 42:366\u2013368","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"1111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)17841-4","volume":"214","author":"C Economo von","year":"1929","unstructured":"von Economo C (1929) Cruchet\u2019s \u201cenc\u00e9phalomy\u00e9lite subaigu\u00ebdiffuse\u201d and epidemic encephalitis lethargica. Lancet 214:121\u2013122","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1111_CR29","first-page":"614","volume":"41","author":"R Cruchet","year":"1917","unstructured":"Cruchet R, Moutier J, Calmettes A (1917) Quarante cas d\u2019enc\u00e9phalomy\u00e9lite subaigu\u00eb. Bull Soc Med H\u00f4p Paris 41:614\u2013616","journal-title":"Bull Soc Med H\u00f4p Paris"},{"key":"1111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.02.002","volume":"69","author":"LC Triarhou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Triarhou LC (2006) The percipient observations of Constantin von Economo on encephalitis lethargica and sleep disruption and their lasting impact on contemporary sleep research. Brain Res Bull 69:244\u2013258","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012636","volume":"46","author":"CJ Economo von","year":"1910","unstructured":"von Economo CJ, Karplus JP (1910) Zur Physiologie und Anatomie des Mittelhirns. Pesdurchtrennungen mit Rindenreizungen, experimenteller Chorea, Beitragen zur Faseranatomie des Hirnstamms usw. Arch Psychiat Nervenheilk 46:275\u2013356","journal-title":"Arch Psychiat Nervenheilk"},{"key":"1111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193003000-00001","volume":"71","author":"C Economo von","year":"1930","unstructured":"von Economo C (1930) Sleep as a problem of localization. J Nervous Mental Disord 71:249\u2013259","journal-title":"J Nervous Mental Disord"},{"key":"1111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(49)90219-9","volume":"1","author":"G Moruzzi","year":"1949","unstructured":"Moruzzi G, Magoun H (1949) W. Brain stem reticular formation and the activation of EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1:455\u2013473","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1111_CR34","volume-title":"Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen","author":"C Economo von","year":"1925","unstructured":"von Economo C, Koskinas GN (1925) Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Springer, Wien\/Berlin"},{"key":"1111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000103258","volume":"85","author":"LC Triarhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Triarhou LC (2007) The Economo\u2013Koskinas atlas revisited: cytoarchitectonics and functional context. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 85:195\u2013203","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"1111_CR36","unstructured":"von Economo C (1927) L\u2019Architecture Cellulaire Normale de l\u2019 \u00c9corce C\u00e9r\u00e9brale. In: von Bogaert L (ed) Masson, Paris"},{"key":"1111_CR37","volume-title":"Zellaufbau der Grosshirnrinde des Menschen: zehn Vorlesungen","author":"C Economo von","year":"1927","unstructured":"von Economo C (1927) Zellaufbau der Grosshirnrinde des Menschen: zehn Vorlesungen. Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"1111_CR38","unstructured":"von Economo C (1928) La Citoarchitettonica della Corteccia Cerebrale Umana. In: Enderle C (ed) Licinio Cappelli Editore, Bologna"},{"key":"1111_CR39","volume-title":"The cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex","author":"C Economo von","year":"1929","unstructured":"von Economo C (1929) The cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex. S. Parker. Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, London"},{"key":"1111_CR40","unstructured":"von Economo C von, Koskinas GN (2008) Atlas of cytoarchitectonics of the adult human cerebral cortex. Translated and edited by Triarhou LC, S. Karger, Basel"},{"key":"1111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Economo C (2010) Citoarchitettonica cerebrale umana. Il contributo di un vecchio atlante di anatomia all\u2019acquisizione di nuove conoscenze sul cervello. In: Tomaiuolo F, Caltagirone C, Petrides M (eds) Springer, Italia","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-1726-9"},{"key":"1111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02970950","volume":"100","author":"C Economo von","year":"1926","unstructured":"von Economo C (1926) Eine neue Art Spezialzellen des Lobus cinguli und Lobus insulae. Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr (Berlin) 100:706\u2013712","journal-title":"Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr (Berlin)"},{"key":"1111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butti C, Santos M, Uppal N, Hof PR (2011) von Economo neurons: clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Cortex. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.10.004"},{"key":"1111_CR44","author":"F Cauda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cauda F, Torta DM, Sacco K, D\u2019Agata F, Geda E, Duca S, Geminiani G, Vercelli A (2012) Functional anatomy of cortical areas characterized by von Economo neurons. Brain Struct Funct. doi: 10.1007\/s00429-012-0382-9","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"1111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.04.084","volume":"141","author":"KK Watson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Watson KK, Jones TK, Allman JM (2006) Dendritic architecture of the von Economo neurons. Neuroscience 141:1107\u20131112","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0254-0","volume":"214","author":"JM Allman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allman JM, Tetreault NA, Hakeem AY, Manaye KF, Semendeferi K, Erwin JM, Park S, Goubert V, Hof PR (2010) The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans. Brain Struct Funct 214:495\u2013517","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"1111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20407","volume":"290","author":"PR Hof","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hof PR, Van der Gucht E (2007) Structure of the cerebral cortex of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 290:1\u201331","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22055","volume":"515","author":"C Butti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Butti C, Sherwood CC, Hakeem AY, Allman JM, Hof PR (2009) Total number and volume of von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans. J Comp Neurol 515:243\u2013259","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"1111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20829","volume":"292","author":"AY Hakeem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hakeem AY, Sherwood CC, Bonar CJ, Butti C, Hof PR, Allman JM (2009) von Economo neurons in the elephant brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 292:242\u2013248","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.02.048","volume":"435","author":"C Fajardo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fajardo C, Escobar MI, Buritic\u00e1 E, Arteaga G, Umbarila J, Casanova MF, Pimienta H (2008) von Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans. Neurosci Lett 435:215\u2013218","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.06.008","volume":"9","author":"JM Allman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allman JM, Watson KK, Tetreault NA, Hakeem AY (2005) Intuition and autism: a possible role for von Economo neurons. Trends Cogn Sci 9:67\u201373","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.067","volume":"1380","author":"M Santos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santos M, Uppal N, Butti C, Wicinski B, Schmeidler J, Giannakopoulos P, Heinsen H, Schmitz C, Hof PR (2011) von Economo neurons in autism: a stereologic study of the frontoinsular cortex in children. Brain Res 1380:206\u2013217","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"1111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0673-2","volume":"119","author":"M Br\u00fcne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Br\u00fcne M, Sch\u00f6bel A, Karau R, Benali A, Faustmann PM, Juckel G, Petrasch-Parwez E (2010) von Economo neuron density in the anterior cingulate cortex is reduced in early onset schizophrenia. Acta Neuropathol 119:771\u2013778","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020936","volume":"6","author":"M Br\u00fcne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Br\u00fcne M, Sch\u00f6bel A, Karau R, Faustmann PM, Dermietzel R, Juckel G, Petrasch-Parwez E (2011) Neuroanatomical correlates of suicide in psychosis: the possible role of von Economo neurons. PLoS ONE 6:e20936","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-012-1111-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T08:17:51Z","timestamp":1594109871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-012-1111-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-012-1111-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,9]]}}}