{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T18:27:18Z","timestamp":1759602438748,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key R&D Program Guidance Plan","award":["2018225091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018225091"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T03:56:51Z","timestamp":1554609411000},"page":"1567-1575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical characteristics and factors associated with short-term prognosis in adult patients with autoimmune encephalitis of non-neoplastic etiology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfei","family":"Nao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12974","volume":"46","author":"MP Newman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newman MP, Blum S, Wong RCW, Scott JG, Prain K, Wilson RJ, Gillis D (2016) Autoimmune encephalitis. Intern Med J 46(2):148\u2013157. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.12974","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.1.1","volume":"12","author":"E Lancaster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lancaster E (2016) The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis. J Clin Neurol 12(1):1\u201313. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.1.1","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.99","volume":"8","author":"E Lancaster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lancaster E, Dalmau J (2012) Neuronal autoantigens-pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing. Nat Rev Neurol 8(7):380\u2013390. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.99","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5431-9","volume":"257","author":"F Graus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graus F, Saiz A, Dalmau J (2010) Antibodies and neuronal autoimmune disorders of the CNS. J Neurol 257(4):509\u2013517. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5431-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318224afde","volume":"77","author":"E Lancaster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Dalmau J (2011) Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins. Neurology 77(2):179\u2013189. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318224afde","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.076","volume":"59","author":"D Dash","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dash D, Ihtisham K, Tripathi M, Tripathi M (2018) Proportion and spectrum of movement disorders in adolescent and adult patients of autoimmune encephalitis of non-neoplastic aetiology. J Clin Neurosci 59:185\u2013189. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.076","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hermetter C, Fazekas F, Hochmeister S (2018) Systematic review: syndromes, early diagnosis, and treatment in autoimmune encephalitis. Front Neurol 9. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00706","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00706"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(15)00401-9","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, Cortese I, Dale RC, Gelfand JM, Geschwind M, Glaser CA, Honnorat J, Hoeftberger R, Iizuka T, Irani SR, Lancaster E, Leypoldt F, Pruess H, Rae-Grant A, Reindl M, Rosenfeld MR, Rostasy K, Saiz A, Venkatesan A, Vincent A, Wandinger K-P, Waters P, Dalmau J (2016) A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15(4):391\u2013404. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(15)00401-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.20.6.828","volume":"20","author":"JM Bamford","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Warlow CP, Slattery J (1989) Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 20(6):828\u2013828. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.20.6.828","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7872","key":"3883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","volume":"2","author":"G Teasdale","year":"1974","unstructured":"Teasdale G, Jennett B (1974) Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 2(7872):81\u201384","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050","volume":"61","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Tuzun E, Wu H-y, Masjuan J, Rossi JE, Voloschin A, Baehring JM, Shimazaki H, Koide R, King D, Mason W, Sansing LH, Dichter MA, Rosenfeld MR, Lynch DR (2007) Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol 61(1):25\u201336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21050","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/nrl.0000000000000087","volume":"22","author":"B Kalman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalman B (2017) Autoimmune encephalitides: a broadening field of treatable conditions. Neurologist 22(1):1\u201313. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nrl.0000000000000087","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278388.90370.c3","volume":"70","author":"T Iizuka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iizuka T, Sakai F, Ide T, Monzen T, Yoshii S, Iigaya M, Suzuki K, Lynch DR, Suzuki N, Hata T, Dalmau J (2008) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in Japan. Neurology 70(7):504\u2013511. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278388.90370.c3","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.07.1834","volume":"71","author":"S Takano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takano S, Takahashi Y, Kishi H, Taguchi Y, Takashima S, Tanaka K, Muraguchi A, Mori H (2011) Detection of autoantibody against extracellular epitopes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor by cell-based assay. Neurosci Res 71(3):294\u2013302. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2011.07.1834","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"3883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336648.43562.59","volume":"71","author":"H Ishiura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ishiura H, Matsuda S, Higashihara M, Hasegawa M, Hida A, Hanajima R, Yamamoto T, Shimizu J, Dalmau J, Tsuji S (2008) Response of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis without tumor to immunotherapy including rituximab. Neurology 71(23):1921\u20131923. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336648.43562.59","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(08)70224-2","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, Dessain SK, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Lynch DR (2008) Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 7(12):1091\u20131098. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(08)70224-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000000126","volume":"82","author":"A Viaccoz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viaccoz A, Desestret V, Ducray F, Picard G, Cavillon G, Rogemond V, Antoine J-C, Delattre J-Y, Honnorat J (2014) Clinical specificities of adult male patients with NMDA receptor antibodies encephalitis. Neurology 82(7):556\u2013563. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000000126","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.018","volume":"15","author":"A Sonderen van","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Sonderen A, Schreurs MWJ, Wirtz PW, Smitt PAES, Titulaer MJ (2016) From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: the evolution of a disease entity over time. Autoimmun Rev 15(10):970\u2013974. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.07.017","volume":"21","author":"S Ramanathan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramanathan S, Mohammad SS, Brilot F, Dale RC (2014) Autoimmune encephalitis: recent updates and emerging challenges. J Clin Neurosci 21(5):722\u2013730. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.07.017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22307","volume":"69","author":"SR Irani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, Pettingill P, Waters P, Johnson MR, Schott JM, Armstrong RJE, Zagami AS, Bleasel A, Somerville ER, Smith SMJ, Vincent A (2011) Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 69(5):892\u2013900. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22307","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000003009","volume":"87","author":"H Arino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arino H, Armangue T, Petit-Pedrol M, Sabater L, Martinez-Hernandez E, Hara M, Lancaster E, Saiz A, Dalmau J, Graus F (2016) Anti-LGI1-associated cognitive impairment: presentation and long-term outcome. Neurology 87(8):759\u2013765. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000003009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318247cd03","volume":"78","author":"EE Benarroch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benarroch EE (2012) GABA(B) receptors structure, functions, and clinical implications. Neurology 78(8):578\u2013584. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318247cd03","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.011","volume":"270","author":"T-J Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim T-J, Lee S-T, Shin J-W, Moon J, Lim J-A, Byun J-I, Shin Y-W, Lee K-J, Jung K-H, Kim Y-S, Park K-I, Chu K, Lee SK (2014) Clinical manifestations and outcomes of the treatment of patients with GABA(B) encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 270(1\u20132):45\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.011","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"3883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6576-5","volume":"260","author":"R Hoeftberger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoeftberger R, Sabater L, Kruer M, Boyero S, de Felipe A, Saiz A, Graus F, Dalmau J (2013) Encephalitis and GABAB receptor antibodies: novel findings in a new case series of 20 patients. J Neurol 260:S21\u2013S21","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037","volume":"309","author":"J Heine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heine J, Pruess H, Bartsch T, Ploner CJ, Paul F, Finke C (2015) Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis - relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function. Neuroscience 309:68\u201383. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao S, Qian Y, Hu H, Niu B, Guo H, Wang X, Miao S, Li C, Cao B (2017) Clinical characteristics and predictors of outcome for onconeural antibody-associated disorders: a retrospective analysis. Front Neurol 8. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00584","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00584"},{"key":"3883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.11.033","volume":"62","author":"S Aungsumart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aungsumart S, Ha A, Apiwattanakul M (2018) Abnormal level of consciousness predicts outcomes of patients with anti-NMDA encephalitis. J Clin Neurosci 62:184\u2013187. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.11.033","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2680-0","volume":"37","author":"S Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang S, Qin J, Li J, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wu J, Song B, Xu Y, Sun S (2016) Rapidly progressive neurological deterioration in anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis with additional CRMP5 antibodies. Neurol Sci 37(11):1853\u20131855. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-016-2680-0","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.10.005","volume":"265","author":"Y-W Shin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shin Y-W, Lee S-T, Shin J-W, Moon J, Lim J-A, Byun J-I, Kim T-J, Lee K-J, Kim Y-S, Park K-I, Jung K-H, Lee SK, Chu K (2013) VGKC-complex\/LGI1-antibody encephalitis: clinical manifestations and response to immunotherapy. J Neuroimmunol 265(1\u20132):75\u201381. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.10.005","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"3883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s136723","volume":"13","author":"M Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang M, Cao X, Liu Q, Ma W, Guo X, Liu X (2017) Clinical features of limbic encephalitis with LGI1 antibody. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 13:1589\u20131596. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ndt.s136723","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"3883_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6329","volume":"16","author":"Y Sai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sai Y, Zhang X, Feng M, Tang J, Liao H, Tan L (2018) Clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a single center retrospective study. Exp Ther Med 16(2):1442\u20131448. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2018.6329","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]],"date-time":"2020-04-05T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1586127858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1590-1874"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1590-3478"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}