{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:59:55Z","timestamp":1781521195503,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T16:12:40Z","timestamp":1557245560000},"page":"1865-1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effects on cognition of 20-day anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients affected by mild cognitive impairment: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Fileccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitantonio","family":"Di Stasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Poda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Stanzani-Maserati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Oppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Avoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Capellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150168","volume":"48","author":"M Alexander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexander M, Perera G, Ford G, Arrighi HM, Foskett N, Debove C, Novak G, Gordon FM (2015) Age-stratified prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in European populations: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis 48:355\u2013359. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-150168\n                    \n                   IOS Press355","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TSD, Ganguli M, Gloss D, Gronseth GS, Marson D, Pringsheim T, Day GS, Sager M, Stevens J, Rae-Grant A (2018) Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology\u00ae 90:1\u201310. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826"},{"issue":"12","key":"3903_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.266","volume":"66","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Geda YE, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Jack CR Jr (2009) Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Arch Neurol 66(12):1447\u20131455","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, Ukoumunne O, Ladds EC, Martin S (2017) CSF tau and the CSF tau\/ABeta ratio for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD010803. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010803.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010803.pub2"},{"key":"3903_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.142679","volume":"79","author":"AJ Mitchell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M (2008) Temporal trends in the long term risk of progression of mild cognitive impairment: a pooled analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:1386\u20131391. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2007.142679","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0224-6","volume":"31","author":"R Gallassi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gallassi R, Oppi F, Poda R, Scortichini S, Stanzani Maserati M, Marano G, Sambati L (2010) Are subjective cognitive complaints a risk factor for dementia? NeurolSci 31:327\u2013336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-010-0224-6","journal-title":"NeurolSci"},{"key":"3903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association, Arlington","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190","volume":"275","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Caracciolo B, Brayne C, Gauthier S, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L (2014) Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution. J Intern Med 275(3):214\u2013228. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12190","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.127811","volume":"203","author":"C Cooper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cooper C, Li R, Lyketsos C, Livingston G (2013) Treatment for mild cognitive impairment: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 203(3):255\u2013264. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.127811","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"3903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555Y1561","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344650.95823.03","volume":"72","author":"RS Doody","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doody RS, Ferris SH, Salloway S, Sun Y, Goldman R, Watkins WE, Xu Y, Murthy AK (2009) Donepezil treatment of patients with MCI: a 48-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 72(18):1555Y1561. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344650.95823.03","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3903_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501Y512","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70109-6","volume":"6","author":"HH Feldman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldman HH, Ferris S, Winblad B, Sfikas N, Mancione L, He Y, Tekin S, Burns A, Cummings J, del Ser T, Inzitari D, Orgogozo JM, Sauer H, Scheltens P, Scarpini E, Herrmann N, Farlow M, Potkin S, Charles HC, Fox NC, Lane R (2007) Effect of rivastigmine on delay to diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease from mild cognitive impairment: the InDDEx study. Lancet Neurol 6(6):501Y512. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70109-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027Y1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.9.1027","volume":"300","author":"NT Lautenschlager","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lautenschlager NT, Cox KL, Flicker L, Foster JK, van Bockxmeer FM, Xiao J, Greenop KR, Almeida OP (2008) Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. JAMA 300(9):1027Y1037. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.300.9.1027","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"3903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379Y2388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050151","volume":"352","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, Bennett D, Doody R, Ferris S, Galasko D, Jin S, Kaye J, Levey A, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, van Dyck CH, Thal LJ, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cooperative Study Group (2005) Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med 352(23):2379Y2388. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa050151","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204Y1215","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300690","volume":"30","author":"LJ Thal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thal LJ, Ferris SH, Kirby L et al (2005) A randomized,double-blind, study of rofecoxib in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychopharmacology 30(6):1204Y1215. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300690","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3903_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004","volume":"9","author":"M Bikson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bikson M, Grossman P, Thomas C, Zannou AL, Jiang J, Adnan T, Mourdoukoutas AP, Kronberg G, Truong D, Boggio P, Brunoni AR, Charvet L, Fregni F, Fritsch B, Gillick B, Hamilton RH, Hampstead BM, Jankord R, Kirton A, Knotkova H, Liebetanz D, Liu A, Loo C, Nitsche MA, Reis J, Richardson JD, Rotenberg A, Turkeltaub PE, Woods AJ (2016) Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence based update 2016. Brain Stimul 9(5):641\u2013661. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"3903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.012","volume":"127","author":"AJ Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods AJ, Antal A, Bikson M, Boggio PS, Brunoni AR, Celnik P, Cohen LG, Fregni F, Herrmann CS, Kappenman ES, Knotkova H, Liebetanz D, Miniussi C, Miranda PC, Paulus W, Priori A, Reato D, Stagg C, Wenderoth N, Nitsche MA (2016) A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools. ClinNeurophysiol. 127(2):1031\u20131048. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.012","journal-title":"ClinNeurophysiol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"3903_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","volume":"527","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2000) Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 527(Pt 3):633\u2013639. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272738","volume":"595","author":"A Jamil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamil A, Batsikadze G, Kuo HI, Labruna L, Hasan A, Paulus W, Nitsche MA (2017) Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 595(4):1273\u20131288. Published online 2016 Nov 8. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP272738","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904323057263","volume":"16","author":"A Antal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Antal A, Nitsche MA, Kruse W, Kincses TZ, Hoffmann K-P, Paulus W (2004) Direct current stimulation over V5 enhances visuomotor coordination by improving motion perception in humans. J Cogn Neurosci 16:521\u2013527","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.10.030","volume":"208","author":"A Fertonani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fertonani A, Rosini S, Cotelli M, Rossini MP, Miniussi C (2010) Naming facilitation induced by transcranial direct current stimulation. Behav Brain Res 208:311\u2013318","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3903_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805413106","volume":"106","author":"J Reis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reis J, Schambra HM, Cohen LG, Buch ER, Fritsch B, Zarahn E, Celnik PA, Krakauer JW (2009) Non invasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:1590\u20131595","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-2","volume":"12","author":"T Zaehle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zaehle T, Sandmann P, Thorne J, J\u00e4ncke L, Herrmann C (2011) Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex modulates working memory performance: combined behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. BMC Neurosci 12:2","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3","volume":"71","author":"R Ferrucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ferrucci R, Mameli F, Guidi I, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vergari M, Marceglia S, Cogiamanian F, Barbieri S, Scarpini E, Priori A (2008) Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 71(7):493\u2013498. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"3903_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.097634","volume":"200","author":"CK Loo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loo CK, Alonzo A, Martin D, Mitchell PB, Galvez V, Sachdev P (2012) Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised,sham-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 200:52\u201359","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meinzer M, Lindenberg R, Phan MT, Ulm L, Volk C, Floel A (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement 1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.159"},{"key":"3903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu CS, Rau A, Gallagher D, Rajji TK, Krista L, Lancto T, Herrmann N Using transcranial direct current stimulation to treat symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag. Published online: 18 October 2017. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt-2017-0021","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2017-0021"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270Y279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","volume":"7","author":"MS Albert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Snyder PJ, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH et al (2011) Alzheimers Dement 7(3):270Y279. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) \u201cMini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3):189\u2013198. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649109540545","volume":"9","author":"G Measso","year":"1993","unstructured":"Measso G, Cavarzeran F, Zappal\u00e0 G et al (1993) The Mini-Mental State Examination: normative study of an Italian random sample. Dev Neuropsychol 9:77\u201385","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"3903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06228.x","volume":"75","author":"R Gallassi","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gallassi R, Lenzi P, Stracciari A, Lorusso S, Ciardulli C, Morreale A, Mussuto V (1986) Neuropsychological assessment of mental deterioration: purpose of a brief battery and a probabilistic definition of \u2018normality\u2019 and \u2018non normality\u2019. Acta Psychiatr Scand 75:62\u201367","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"3903_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000117297","volume":"36","author":"GA Carlesimo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carlesimo GA, Caltagirone C, Gainotti G (1996) The Mental Deterioration Battery: normative data, diagnostic reliabilityand qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment. The Group for the Standardization of the Mental Deterioration Battery. Eur Neurol 36(6):378\u2013384","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(01)00204-7","volume":"34","author":"R Gallassi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gallassi R, Morreale A, Di Sarro R, Lorusso S (2002) Value of clinical data and neuropsychological measures in probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 34(2):123\u2013134","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3903_CR33","first-page":"111","volume":"12","author":"P Caffarra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Caffarra P, Vezzadini G, Dieci F, Zonato F, Venneri A (2002) Una versione abbreviata del test di Stroop: Dati normativi nella popolazione Italiana. Nuova Riv Neurol 12(4):111\u2013115","journal-title":"Nuova Riv Neurol"},{"key":"3903_CR34","first-page":"279","volume":"47","author":"G Novelli","year":"1986","unstructured":"Novelli G, Papagno C, Capitani E et al (1986) Tre test clinici di ricerca e produzione lessicale. Taratura su soggetti normali. Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr 47:279\u2013296","journal-title":"Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr"},{"key":"3903_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavalli M, De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Vitale A (1981) Impairment of right brain-damaged patients on a linguistic cognitive task. Cortex 17(4):545\u2013555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(81)80061-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"3903_CR36","first-page":"209","volume":"54","author":"M Laiacona","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laiacona M, Barbarotto R, Trivelli C, Capitani E (1993) Dissociazioni semantiche intercategoriali: descrizione di una batteria standardizzata e dati normativi [category specific semantic defects: a standardised test with normative data]. Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr 54(2):209\u2013248","journal-title":"Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3903_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.6.2.174","volume":"6","author":"JG Snodgrass","year":"1980","unstructured":"Snodgrass JG, Vanderwart M (1980) A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. J Exp Psychol Hum Learn 6(2):174\u2013215","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Learn"},{"key":"3903_CR38","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Stress and anxiety","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spielberger CD, Vagg PR, Barker LR et al (1980) The factor structure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In: Sarason IG, Spielberger CD (eds) Stress and anxiety. Hemisphere\/Wiley, New York, pp 95\u2013109"},{"key":"3903_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","volume":"45","author":"AT Beck","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:561\u2013571","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3903_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0218-6","volume":"8","author":"K Yun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yun K, Songand I-U, Chung Y-A (2016) Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after 3 weeks of noninvasive electrical stimulation of mild cognitive impairmentpatients. Alzheimers Res Ther 8:49. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-016-0218-6","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3903_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.05.006","volume":"29","author":"E Tatti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tatti E, Rossi S, Innocenti I, Rossi A, Santarnecchi E (2016) Non-invasive brain stimulation of the aging brain: state of the art and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 29:66\u201389. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2016.05.006","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3903_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00049","volume":"5","author":"R Manenti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manenti R, Brambilla M, Petesi M, Ferrari C, Cotelli M (2013) Enhancing verbal episodic memory in older and young subjects after non-invasive brain stimulation. Front Aging Neurosci 5:1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00049","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3903_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00289","volume":"6","author":"M Sandrini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sandrini M, Brambilla M, Manenti R, Rosini S, Cohen LG, Cotelli M (2014) Noninvasive stimulation of prefrontal cortex strengthens existing episodic memories and reduces forgetting in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 6:289. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00289","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3903_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00897","volume":"28","author":"B Manor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manor B, Zhou J, Jor\u2019dan A, Zhang J, Fang J, Pascual-Leone A (2016) Reduction of dual-task costs by noninvasive modulation of prefrontal activity in healthy elders. J Cogn Neurosci 28:275\u2013281. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00897","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3903_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2012.08.008","volume":"74","author":"SH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim SH, Han HJ, Ahn HM, Kim SA, Kim SE (2012) Effects of five daily high frequency rTMS on Stroop task performance in aging individuals. Neurosci Res 74:256\u2013260. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2012.08.008","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3903_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874Y890","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490510680","volume":"26","author":"JE Fisk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fisk JE, Sharp CA (2004) Age-related impairment in executive functioning: updating, inhibition, shifting, and access. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 26(7):874Y890. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803390490510680","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR47","first-page":"646","volume":"21","author":"GD Rabinovici","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabinovici GD, Stephens ML, Possin KL (2015) Executive dysfunction. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 21(3):646\u2013659","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"3903_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-013-0180-0","volume":"26","author":"R Gallassi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gallassi R, Sambati L, Stanzani Maserati M, Poda R, Oppi F, De Matteis M, Marano G (2014) Simple verbal analogies test: normative data on a short task exploring abstract thinking. Aging Clin Exp Res 26:67\u201371. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-013-0180-0","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3903_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716660033","volume":"61","author":"RV Milev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milev RV, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Downar J, Modirrousta M, Patry S, Vila-Rodriguez F, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Parikh SV, Ravindran AV, CANMAT Depression Work Group (2016) Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: section 4. Neurostimulation treatments. Can J Psychiatr 61(9):561\u2013575. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0706743716660033","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3903_CR50","first-page":"613","volume":"21","author":"BR Matthews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthews BR (2015) Memory dysfunction. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 21(3):613\u2013626","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3903_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv042","volume":"17","author":"TY Mariano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mariano TY, Van\u2019t Wout M, Garnaat SL, Rasmussen SA, Greenberg BD (2016) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates task-induced acute pain in healthy volunteers. Pain Med 17(4):737\u2013745. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnv042","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"3903_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","volume":"553","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Fricke K, Henschke U, Schlitterlau A, Liebetanz D, Lang N, Henning S, Tergau F, Paulus W (2003) Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans. J Physiol 553:293\u2013301","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3903_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614","volume":"17","author":"CJ Stagg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Nitsche MA (2011) Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscientist 17:37\u201353","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"3903_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238","volume":"125","author":"D Liebetanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W (2002) Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain J Neurol 125:2238\u20132247","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"3903_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stafford J, Brownlow ML, Qualley A, Jankord R (2018) AMPA receptor translocation and phosphorylation are induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in rats. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Available online 11 November 2017 In Press, Accepted Manuscript \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.11.002\n                    \n                  ,","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.11.002"},{"key":"3903_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00606-X","volume":"112","author":"BR Mull","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mull BR, Seyal M (2001) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left prefrontal cortex impairs working memory. Clin Neurophysiol 112:1672\u20131675","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5790","key":"3903_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128134","volume":"313","author":"JR Whitlock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitlock JR, Heynen AJ, Shuler MG, Bear MF (2006) Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science. 313(5790):1093\u20131097","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"3903_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.08.015","volume":"63","author":"V de Aguiar","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Aguiar V, Paolazzi C, Miceli G (2015) tDCS in post-stroke aphasia: the role of stimulation parameters, behavioral treatment and patient characteristics. Cortex. 63:296\u2013316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.08.015","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"key":"3903_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009760","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009760.pub3","volume":"5","author":"B Elsner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elsner B, Kugler J, Pohl M, Mehrholz J (2015) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving aphasia in patients with aphasia after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD009760. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009760.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:48:00Z","timestamp":1588722480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-019-03903-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study followed the Helsinki Declaration regarding international clinical research on human beings and was approved by the local Ethics Committee. All subjects gave their written informed consent to the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}