{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:21:04Z","timestamp":1791890464409,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1590192151000},"page":"2747-2754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on cognitive function. A systematic review of RCTs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos I.","family":"Avgerinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Vrysis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Chaitidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Kolotsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlos G.","family":"Myserlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kapogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4427_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2017.05.003","volume":"233","author":"L Keuck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keuck L (2017) Slicing the cortex to study mental illness: Alois Alzheimer\u2019s pictures of equivalence. Prog Brain Res 233:25\u201351","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4427_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.36","volume":"43","author":"KM Fiest","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiest KM, Roberts JI, Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB, Smith EE, Frolkis A, Cohen A, Kirk A, Pearson D, Pringsheim T, Venegas-Torres A, Jett\u00e9 N (2016) The prevalence and incidence of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Neurol Sci 43(Suppl 1):S51\u2013S82","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4427_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985","volume":"58","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L, Winblad B (2001) Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 58(12):1985\u20131992","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4427_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.11.007","volume":"14","author":"RE Becker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Becker RE, Kapogiannis D, Greig NH (2018) Does traumatic brain injury hold the key to the Alzheimer\u2019s disease puzzle? Alzheimers Dement 14(4):431\u2013443","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4427_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S72728","volume":"9","author":"S Gauthier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gauthier S, Schlaefke S (2014) Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R) in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Clin Interv Aging 9:2065\u20132077","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4427_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X14500335","volume":"42","author":"M Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang M, Xu DD, Zhang Y, Liu X, Hoeven R, Cho WC (2014) A systematic review on natural medicines for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with meta-analyses of intervention effect of ginkgo. Am J Chin Med 42(3):505\u2013521","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4427_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3473-4","volume":"39","author":"A Enderami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Enderami A, Zarghami M, Darvishi-Khezri H (2018) The effects and potential mechanisms of folic acid on cognitive function: a comprehensive review. Neurol Sci 39(10):1667\u20131675","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4427_CR8","first-page":"CD009374","volume":"3","author":"N Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen N, Yang M, Zhou M, Xiao J, Guo J, He L (2017) L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD009374","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4427_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.04.013","volume":"108","author":"KI Avgerinos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avgerinos KI, Spyrou N, Bougioukas KI, Kapogiannis D (2018) Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 108:166\u2013173","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4427_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390902773003","volume":"50","author":"SZ Bathaie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bathaie SZ, Mousavi SZ (2010) New applications and mechanisms of action of saffron and its important ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 50(8):761\u2013786","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"4427_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12456","volume":"67","author":"E Christodoulou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christodoulou E, Kadoglou NP, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G (2015) Saffron: a natural product with potential pharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Pharmacol 67(12):1634\u20131649","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4427_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"4427_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","volume":"343","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD et al (2011) The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 343:d5928","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"4427_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2009.01133.x","volume":"35","author":"S Akhondzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akhondzadeh S, Sabet MS, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi SS, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Zare F, Moradi A (2010) Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a 16-week, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 35(5):581\u2013588","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4427_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1706-1","volume":"207","author":"S Akhondzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akhondzadeh S, Shafiee Sabet M, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi SS, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Rezazadeh SA, Yousefi A, Zare F, Moradi A, Vossoughi A (2010) A 22-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Psychopharmacology 207(4):637\u2013643","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4427_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2412","volume":"29","author":"M Farokhnia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farokhnia M, Shafiee Sabet M, Iranpour N, Gougol A, Yekehtaz H, Alimardani R, Farsad F, Kamalipour M, Akhondzadeh S (2014) Comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with memantine in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 29(4):351\u2013359","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4427_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160304","volume":"54","author":"M Tsolaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsolaki M, Karathanasi E, Lazarou I, Dovas K, Verykouki E, Karacostas A et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. in patients with mild cognitive impairment: one year single-blind randomized, with parallel groups, clinical trial. J Alzheimers Dis 54(1):129\u2013133","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4427_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0173","volume":"24","author":"E Moazen-Zadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moazen-Zadeh E, Abbasi SH, Safi-Aghdam H, Shahmansouri N, Arjmandi-Beglar A, Hajhosseinn Talasaz A, Salehiomran A, Forghani S, Akhondzadeh S (2018) Effects of saffron on cognition, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 24(4):361\u2013368","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4427_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228bf11","volume":"77","author":"M Sano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D, Galvin JE, Thomas RG, van Dyck CH, Aisen PS (2011) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 77(6):556\u2013563","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"4427_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70293-4","volume":"7","author":"P Bentham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Group ADC, Bentham P, Gray R, Sellwood E, Hills R, Crome P et al (2008) Aspirin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD2000): a randomised open-label trial. Lancet Neurol 7(1):41\u201349","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4427_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.10.1402","volume":"63","author":"Y Freund-Levi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M, Cederholm T, Basun H, Faxen-Irving G, Garlind A et al (2006) Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial. Arch Neurol 63(10):1402\u20131408","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4427_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.12.007","volume":"36","author":"A Modabbernia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Modabbernia A, Akhondzadeh S (2013) Saffron, passionflower, valerian and sage for mental health. Psychiatr Clin North Am 36(1):85\u201391","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"4427_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2187","volume":"21","author":"J Sarris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sarris J (2007) Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Phytother Res 21(8):703\u2013716","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4427_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.08.007","volume":"7","author":"MP Mattson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattson MP (2008) Hormesis defined. Ageing Res Rev 7(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4427_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.08.004","volume":"7","author":"MP Mattson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattson MP (2008) Dietary factors, hormesis and health. Ageing Res Rev 7(1):43\u201348","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"4427_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790883615","volume":"16","author":"V Calabrese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Trovato A, Cavallaro M, Mancuso C, Di Rienzo L et al (2010) The hormetic role of dietary antioxidants in free radical-related diseases. Curr Pharm Des 16(7):877\u2013883","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"4427_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327106ht589oa","volume":"25","author":"K Premkumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Premkumar K, Thirunavukkarasu C, Abraham SK, Santhiya ST, Ramesh A (2006) Protective effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract against genetic damage induced by anti-tumor agents in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 25(2):79\u201384","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4427_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1209","volume":"17","author":"K Premkumar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Premkumar K, Abraham SK, Santhiya ST, Ramesh A (2003) Protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on genotoxins-induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Phytother Res 17(6):614\u2013617","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"4427_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.037","volume":"180","author":"F Berger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berger F, Hensel A, Nieber K (2011) Saffron extract and trans-crocetin inhibit glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat cortical brain slices. Neuroscience. 180:238\u2013247","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"24","key":"4427_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6131","DOI":"10.1021\/jf300589c","volume":"60","author":"GD Geromichalos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geromichalos GD, Lamari FN, Papandreou MA, Trafalis DT, Margarity M, Papageorgiou A, Sinakos Z (2012) Saffron as a source of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: molecular docking and in vitro enzymatic studies. J Agric Food Chem 60(24):6131\u20136138","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"23","key":"4427_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8762","DOI":"10.1021\/jf061932a","volume":"54","author":"MA Papandreou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Papandreou MA, Kanakis CD, Polissiou MG, Efthimiopoulos S, Cordopatis P, Margarity M, Lamari FN (2006) Inhibitory activity on amyloid-beta aggregation and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract and its crocin constituents. J Agric Food Chem 54(23):8762\u20138768","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"4427_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2012.02803.x","volume":"77","author":"P Montoro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montoro P, Maldini M, Luciani L, Tuberoso CI, Congiu F, Pizza C (2012) Radical scavenging activity and LC-MS metabolic profiling of petals, stamens, and flowers of Crocus sativus L. J Food Sci 77(8):C893\u2013C900","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4427_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01348-3","volume":"52","author":"CG Lyketsos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lyketsos CG, Olin J (2002) Depression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: overview and treatment. Biol Psychiatry 52(3):243\u2013252","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4427_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03840-4","volume":"40","author":"E Scaricamazza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scaricamazza E, Colonna I, Sancesario GM, Assogna F, Orfei MD, Franchini F, Sancesario G, Mercuri NB, Liguori C (2019) Neuropsychiatric symptoms differently affect mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: a retrospective observational study. Neurol Sci 40:1377\u20131382","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4427_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260802094480","volume":"20","author":"SE Starkstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Starkstein SE, Mizrahi R, Power BD (2008) Depression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: phenomenology, clinical correlates and treatment. Int Rev Psychiatry 20(4):382\u2013388","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4427_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089216","volume":"9","author":"G Spalletta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Padovani A, Sorbi S, Attar M, Colombo D, Cravello L, on behalf of the E V O L U T I O N study Working Group (2014) Cognitive and affective changes in mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients undergoing switch of cholinesterase inhibitors: a 6-month observational study. PLoS One 9(2):e89216","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"4427_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318260ab0a","volume":"27","author":"G Spalletta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spalletta G, Gianni W, Giubilei F, Casini AR, Sancesario G, Caltagirone C, Cravello L (2013) Rivastigmine patch ameliorates depression in mild AD: preliminary evidence from a 6-month open-label observational study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 27(3):289\u2013291","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"9789","key":"4427_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60830-1","volume":"378","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Hellier J, Dewey M, Romeo R, Ballard C, Baldwin R, Bentham P, Fox C, Holmes C, Katona C, Knapp M, Lawton C, Lindesay J, Livingston G, McCrae N, Moniz-Cook E, Murray J, Nurock S, Orrell M, O'Brien J, Poppe M, Thomas A, Walwyn R, Wilson K, Burns A (2011) Sertraline or mirtazapine for depression in dementia (HTA-SADD): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 378(9789):403\u2013411","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"4427_CR39","first-page":"CD003944","volume":"8","author":"R Dudas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dudas R, Malouf R, McCleery J, Dening T (2018) Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD003944","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4427_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-4-12","volume":"4","author":"S Akhondzadeh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akhondzadeh S, Fallah-Pour H, Afkham K, Jamshidi AH, Khalighi-Cigaroudi F (2004) Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816]. BMC Complement Altern Med 4:12","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4427_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1647","volume":"19","author":"S Akhondzadeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akhondzadeh S, Tahmacebi-Pour N, Noorbala AA, Amini H, Fallah-Pour H, Jamshidi AH, Khani M (2005) Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 19(2):148\u2013151","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4427_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.004","volume":"97","author":"AA Noorbala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noorbala AA, Akhondzadeh S, Tahmacebi-Pour N, Jamshidi AH (2005) Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial. J Ethnopharmacol 97(2):281\u2013284","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T23:33:22Z","timestamp":1621726402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"There was no need for informed consent before conducting the present study, since it was a systematic review of literature.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}