{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:01:31Z","timestamp":1791874891713,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T18:03:32Z","timestamp":1596045812000},"page":"1053-1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Frontal lobe metabolic alterations characterizing Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shefali","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Senthil","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kalaivani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri Shanker","family":"Kaloiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalin","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achal Kumar","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R.","family":"Jagannathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2664-0","volume":"37","author":"L Lopiano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopiano L, Modugno N, Marano P, Sensi M, Meco G, Cannas A, Gusmaroli G, Tamma F, Mancini F, Quatrale R, Costanzo AM, Gualberti G, Melzi G, di Luzio Paparatti U, Antonini A (2016) Motor outcomes in patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease treated with levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel in Italy: an interim analysis from the GREENFIELD observational study. Neurol Sci 37:1785\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-016-2664-0","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4626_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0055-3","volume":"4","author":"JG Goldman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldman JG, Vernaleo BA, Camicioli R et al (2018) Cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a report from a multidisciplinary symposium on unmet needs and future directions to maintain cognitive health. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 4:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-018-0055-3","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"4626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0234-8","volume":"254","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Kval\u00f8y JT, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Tang MX, Lolk A, Kragh-S\u00f8rensen P, Marder K (2007) The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia. J Neurol 254:38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-006-0234-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170051","volume":"22","author":"C Lucetti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucetti C, Del Dotto P, Gambaccini G et al (2001) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of motor cortex and basal ganglia in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Neurol Sci 22:69\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s100720170051","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4626_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00138","volume":"9","author":"T Prell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prell T (2018) Structural and functional brain patterns of non-motor syndromes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol 9:138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00138","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4626_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000345537","volume":"34","author":"J Pagonabarraga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pagonabarraga J, G\u00f3mez-Ans\u00f3n B, Rotger R, Llebaria G, Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez C, Pascual-Sedano B, Gironell A, Delfino M, Ruscalleda J, Kulisevsky J (2012) Spectroscopic changes associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 34:312\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000345537","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"4626_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.11.008","volume":"22","author":"M Almuqbel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almuqbel M, Melzer TR, Myall DJ, MacAskill MR, Pitcher TL, Livingston L, Wood KL, Keenan RJ, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Anderson TJ (2016) Metabolite ratios in the posterior cingulate cortex do not track cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease in a clinical setting. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 22:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.11.008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"4626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv104","volume":"138","author":"J Gratwicke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gratwicke J, Jahanshahi M, Foltynie T (2015) Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: a neural networks perspective. Brain. 138:1454\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awv104","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"4626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2812","volume":"25","author":"A Tal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tal A, Kirov II, Grossman RI, Gonen O (2012) The role of gray and white matter segmentation in quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging. NMR Biomed 25:1392\u20131400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.2812","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"4626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.03.015","volume":"75","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Kumaran SS, Kaloiya GS, Goyal V, Sagar R, Kalaivani M, Jaganathan NR, Mehta N, Srivastava A (2020) Domain specific cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Neurosci 75:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.03.015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(08)70013-0","volume":"13","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Galletti F, Saggese E, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B (2007) Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: beyond motor deficits. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 13:S259\u2013S262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1353-8020(08)70013-0","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"4626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300604","volume":"30","author":"SW Provencher","year":"1993","unstructured":"Provencher SW (1993) Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med 30:672\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.1910300604","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"4626_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.04.008","volume":"4","author":"HR Griffith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Griffith HR, den Hollander JA, Okonkwo OC, O\u2019Brien T, Watts RL, Marson DC (2008) Brain metabolism differs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Alzheimers Dement 4:421\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.04.008","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4626_CR14","unstructured":"Provencher SW (2019) LCModel & LCMgui User\u2019s Manual"},{"key":"4626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penny W, Friston K, Ashburner J, Kiebel S, Nichols T (2007) Statistical parametric mapping. Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-372560-8.X5000-1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372560-8.X5000-1"},{"key":"4626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043702","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4794478","volume":"40","author":"AJ Asman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asman AJ, Chambless LB, Thompson RC, Landman BA (2013) Out-of-atlas likelihood estimation using multi-atlas segmentation. Med Phys 40:043702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4794478","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"4626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.07.005","volume":"19","author":"MT Doelken","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doelken MT, Mennecke A, Stadlbauer A, Kecskem\u00e9ti L, Kasper BS, Struffert T, Doerfler A, Stefan H, Hammen T (2010) Multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Seizure. 19:485\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.07.005","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"4626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25853","volume":"29","author":"TW Robbins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robbins TW, Cools R (2014) Cognitive deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Mov Disord 29:597\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25853","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"4626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp245","volume":"132","author":"CH Williams-Gray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, Foltynie T, Ban M, Robbins TW, Brayne C, Kolachana BS, Weinberger DR, Sawcer SJ, Barker RA (2009) The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson\u2019s disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain. 132:2958\u20132969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awp245","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"4626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3155-7","volume":"39","author":"L Trojano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trojano L, Papagno C (2018) Cognitive and behavioral disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an update. II: behavioral disorders. Neurol Sci 39:53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-017-3155-7","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.048","volume":"221","author":"NI Bohnen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bohnen NI, Albin RL (2011) The cholinergic system and Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 221:564\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.048","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"4626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","volume":"9","author":"S Japee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Japee S, Holiday K, Satyshur MD, Mukai I, Ungerleider LG (2015) A role of right middle frontal gyrus in reorienting of attention: a case study. Front Syst Neurosci 9:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"4626_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.011","volume":"78","author":"W Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li W, Qin W, Liu H, Fan L, Wang J, Jiang T, Yu C (2013) Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections. Neuroimage. 78:46\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.011","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"4626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e877","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.140","volume":"6","author":"L Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su L, Blamire AM, Watson R, He J, Hayes L, O\u2019Brien JT (2016) Whole-brain patterns of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Transl Psychiatry 6:e877\u2013e877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.140","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4626_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00777","volume":"10","author":"M Klietz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klietz M, Bronzlik P, N\u00f6sel P, Wegner F, Dressler DW, Dadak M, Maudsley AA, Sheriff S, Lanfermann H, Ding XQ (2019) Altered neurometabolic profile in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a study with short echo-time whole brain MR spectroscopic imaging. Front Neurol 10:777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00777","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.030","volume":"36","author":"F Riese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riese F, Gietl A, Z\u00f6lch N, Henning A, O\u2019Gorman R, K\u00e4lin AM, Leh SE, Buck A, Warnock G, Edden RAE, Luechinger R, Hock C, Kollias S, Michels L (2015) Posterior cingulate \u03b3-aminobutyric acid and glutamate\/glutamine are reduced in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and are unrelated to amyloid deposition and apolipoprotein E genotype. Neurobiol Aging 36:53\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.030","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"4626_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.09.027","volume":"71","author":"H Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Huang Q, Shen Z, Wu R (2016) Evaluation of neuron-glia integrity by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 71:563\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.09.027","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4626_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257090.01107.2f","volume":"68","author":"B G\u00f3mez-Ans\u00f3n","year":"2007","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ans\u00f3n B, Alegret M, Mu\u00f1oz E, Sainz A, Monte GC, Tolosa E (2007) Decreased frontal choline and neuropsychological performance in preclinical Huntington disease. Neurology. 68:906\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257090.01107.2f","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"4626_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171338","volume":"12","author":"M Lindner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindner M, Bell T, Iqbal S, Mullins PG, Christakou A (2017) In vivo functional neurochemistry of human cortical cholinergic function during visuospatial attention. PLoS One 12:e0171338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171338","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4626_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0377-9","volume":"13","author":"MLTM M\u00fcller","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00fcller MLTM, Bohnen NI (2013) Cholinergic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-013-0377-9","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"4626_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4142","volume":"18","author":"W-S Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung W-S, Welsh CA, Barres BA, Stevens B (2015) Do glia drive synaptic and cognitive impairment in disease? Nat Neurosci 18:1539\u20131545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4142","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4626_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.010","volume":"14","author":"E Heinrichs-Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heinrichs-Graham E, Santamaria PM, Gendelman HE, Wilson TW (2017) The cortical signature of symptom laterality in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NeuroImage Clin 14:433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.010","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"4626_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.7.984","volume":"64","author":"H Boecker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boecker H, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Volk D, Conrad B, Forstl H, Haussermann P (2007) Metabolic alterations in patients with Parkinson disease and visual hallucinations. Arch Neurol 64(7):984\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.64.7.984","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T23:50:34Z","timestamp":1627516234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04626-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of the work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study is approved by the institutional ethics committee (approval number IECPG-503\/21.09.2016).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"A written informed consent has been obtained from the participants prior to the commencement of study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}