{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:28:15Z","timestamp":1786980495047,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013093","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGLH20180628161804465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGLH20180628161804465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013093","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJYY20180703165202011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJYY20180703165202011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T12:05:52Z","timestamp":1610107552000},"page":"857-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["HSV encephalitis triggered anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runtao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050","volume":"61","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dalmau J, T\u00fcz\u00fcn E, Wu H-y, Masjuan J, Rossi JE, Voloschin A, Baehring JM, Shimazaki H, Koide R, King D, Mason W, Sansing LH, Dichter MA, Rosenfeld MR, Lynch DR (2007) Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol 61:25\u201336","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70253-2","volume":"10","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R (2011) Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 10:63\u201374","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2017.08.005","volume":"82","author":"DR Lynch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch DR, Rattelle A, Dong YN, Roslin K, Gleichman AJ, Panzer JA (2018) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: clinical features and basic mechanism. Adv Pharmacol 82:235\u2013260","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"4785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, Dessain SK, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Lynch DR (2008) Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 7:1091\u20131098","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, Cortese I, Dale RC, Gelfand JM, Geschwind M, Glaser CA, Honnorat J, H\u00f6ftberger R, Iizuka T, Irani SR, Lancaster E, Leypoldt F, Pr\u00fcss H, Rae-Grant A, Reindl M, Rosenfeld MR, Rost\u00e1sy K, Saiz A, Venkatesan A, Vincent A, Wandinger KP, Waters P, Dalmau J (2016) A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15:391\u2013404","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2718-3","volume":"38","author":"Y Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng Y, Liu X, Pan S, Xie Z, Wang H (2017) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with intracranial Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection: a case report. Neurol Sci 38:703\u2013706","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4785_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3497-9","volume":"39","author":"HR Martinez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martinez HR, Olguin-Ramirez LA, Camara-Lemarroy CR (2018) Lyme borreliosis as a trigger for NMDA receptor encephalitis? Neurol Sci 39:1815\u20131817","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278388.90370.c3","volume":"70","author":"T Iizuka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iizuka T, Sakai F, Ide T, Monzen T, Yoshii S, Iigaya M, Suzuki K, Lynch DR, Suzuki N, Hata T, Dalmau J (2008) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in Japan: long-term outcome without tumor removal. Neurology 70:504\u2013511","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000126","volume":"82","author":"A Viaccoz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viaccoz A, Desestret V, Ducray F, Picard G, Cavillon G, Rogemond V, Antoine JC, Delattre JY, Honnorat J (2014) Clinical specificities of adult male patients with NMDA receptor antibodies encephalitis. Neurology 82:556\u2013563","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13448","volume":"59","author":"M Nosadini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nosadini M, Mohammad SS, Corazza F, Ruga EM, Kothur K, Perilongo G, Frigo AC, Toldo I, Dale RC, Sartori S (2017) Herpes simplex virus-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a systematic literature review with analysis of 43 cases. Dev Med Child Neurol 59:796\u2013805","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a9f531","volume":"81","author":"F Leypoldt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leypoldt F, Titulaer MJ, Aguilar E, Walther J, B\u00f6nstrup M, Havemeister S, Teegen B, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Rosenkranz M, Magnus T, Dalmau J (2013) Herpes Simplex virus-1 Encephalitis Can Trigger anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Case Report. Neurology 81:1637\u20131639","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30244-8","volume":"17","author":"T Armangue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Armangue T, Spatola M, Vlagea A, Mattozzi S, C\u00e1rceles-Cordon M, Martinez-Heras E, Llufriu S, Muchart J, Erro ME, Abraira L, Moris G, Monros-Gim\u00e9nez L, Corral-Corral \u00cd, Montejo C, Toledo M, Bataller L, Secondi G, Ari\u00f1o H, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Juan M, Marcos MA, Alsina L, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Graus F, Dalmau J, Aguilera-Albesa S, Amado-Puentes A, Arjona-Padillo A, Arrabal L, Arratibel I, Aznar-La\u00edn G, Bellas-Lamas P, Bermejo T, Boyero-Dur\u00e1n S, Camacho A, Campo A, Campos D, Cantar\u00edn-Extremera V, Carnero C, Conejo-Moreno D, Dapena M, Dacruz-\u00c1lvarez D, Delgadillo-Chilavert V, Dey\u00e0 A, Estela-Herrero J, Felipe A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cooke E, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ramos J, Fortuny C, Garc\u00eda-Monco JC, Gili T, Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvarez V, Guerri R, Guill\u00e9n S, Hedrera-Fern\u00e1ndez A, L\u00f3pez M, L\u00f3pez-Laso E, Lorenzo-Ruiz M, Madruga M, M\u00e1laga-Di\u00e9guez I, Mart\u00ed-Carrera I, Mart\u00ednez-Lacasa X, Mart\u00edn-Viota L, Mart\u00edn Gil L, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Moreira A, Miranda-Herrero MC, Monge L, Mu\u00f1oz-Cabello B, Navarro-Mor\u00f3n J, Neth O, Noguera-Julian A, Nu\u00f1ez-Enamorado N, Pomar V, Portillo-Cuenca JC, Poyato M, Prieto L, Querol L, Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez E, Sarria-Estrada S, Sierra C, Soler-Palac\u00edn P, Soto-Insuga V, Toledo-Bravo L, Tom\u00e1s M, Torres-Torres C, Tur\u00f3n E, Zabalza A (2018) Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol 17:760\u2013772","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4580","volume":"71","author":"A Desena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desena A, Graves D, Warnack W, Greenberg BM (2014) Herpes simplex encephalitis as a potential cause of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis: report of 2 cases. JAMA Neurol 71:344\u2013346","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24083","volume":"75","author":"T Armangue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armangue T, Leypoldt F, M\u00e1laga I, Raspall-Chaure M, Marti I, Nichter C, Pugh J, Vicente-Rasoamalala M, Lafuente-Hidalgo M, Macaya A, Ke M, Titulaer MJ, H\u00f6ftberger R, Sheriff H, Glaser C, Dalmau J (2014) Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 75:317\u2013323","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-015-0475-3","volume":"115","author":"M Pistacchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pistacchi M, Marsala SZ, Gioulis M, Sanson F, Giometto B (2015) Uncommon relapse after post-herpes simplex encephalitis: an atypical case report. Acta Neurol Belg 115:691\u2013695","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"4785_CR16","first-page":"1746","volume":"85","author":"G Moris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moris G, Armangue T, Extremera VC, Conde CE, Erro ME, Rostasy K, Cuenca JCP, Tur\u00f3n-Vi\u00f1as E, M\u00e1laga I, Mu\u00f1oz-Cabello B, CarmenTorres-Torres SL, Gonz\u00e1lez-Guti\u00e9rrez-Solana L, Gonz\u00e1lez G, Casado-Naranjo I, Rosenfeld M, Graus F, Dalmau J, On behalf of the Spanish Prospective Multicentric Study of Autoimmunity in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (2015) Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis of adults and teenagers. Neurology 85:1746\u20131743","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4785_CR17","first-page":"33","volume":"22","author":"NA Morris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morris NA, Kaplan TB, Linnoila J, Cho T (2016) HSV encephalitis-induced anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a 67-year-old woman: report of a case and review of the literature. J Neuro-Oncol 22:33\u201337","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"4785_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0959-y","volume":"45","author":"F Schein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schein F, Gagneux-Brunon A, Antoine JC, Lavernhe S, Pillet S, Paul S, Fr\u00e9sard A, Boutet C, Grange R, Cazorla C, Lucht F, Botelho-Nevers E (2017) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis after herpes simplex virus-associated encephalitis: an emerging disease with diagnosis and therapeutic challenges. Infection 45:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00038","volume":"11","author":"G Dorcet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dorcet G, Benaiteau M, Bost C, Mengelle C, Bonneville F, Martin-Blondel G, Pariente J (2020) Two cases of late-onset anti-NMDAr auto-immune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis. Front Neurol 11:38","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1086\/521262","volume":"45","author":"A Hjalmarsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hjalmarsson A, Blomqvist P, Sk\u00f6ldenberg B (2007) Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990-2001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 45:875\u2013880","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.80-94.2006","volume":"19","author":"RS Fujinami","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujinami RS, von Herrath MG, Christen U, Whitton JL (2006) Molecular mimicry, bystander activation, or viral persistence: infections and autoimmune disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 19(1):80\u201394","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4785_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689","volume":"72","author":"H Pruss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pruss H, Finke C, Holtje M, Hofmann J, Klingbeil C, Probst C et al (2012) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis. Ann Neurol 72:902\u2013911","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.07.028","volume":"22","author":"G Westman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westman G, Studahl M, Ahlm C, Eriksson BM, Persson B, Ronnelid J et al (2016) N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor autoimmunity affects cognitive performance in herpes simplex encephalitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 22:934\u2013940","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"4785_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21917","volume":"67","author":"MP Malter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malter MP, Helmstaedter C, Urbach H, Vincent A, Bien CG (2010) Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase define a form of limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 67:470\u2013478","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-87","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu et al (2012) CMV-associated encephalitis and antineuronal autoantibodies - a case report. BMC Neurol 12:87","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12283","volume":"36","author":"P Niehusmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niehusmann P, Widman G, Eis-Hubinger AM, Greschus S, Robens BK, Grote A et al (2016) Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and central nervous HHV-6B reactivation: causality or coincidence? Neuropathology 36:376\u2013380","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"4785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15431.x","volume":"40","author":"DR Hargrave","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hargrave DR, Webb DW (1998) Movement disorders in association with herpes simplex virus encephalitis in children: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol 40:640\u2013642","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"4785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2018_102","volume":"62","author":"MMJ Al-Obaidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Obaidi MMJ, Bahadoran A, Wang SM, Manikam R, Raju CS, Sekaran SD (2018) Disruption of the blood brain barrier is vital property of neurotropic viral infection of the central nervous system. Acta Virol 62:16\u201327","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"4785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","volume":"12","author":"MJ Titulaer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, Armangu\u00e9 T, Glaser C, Iizuka T, Honig LS, Benseler SM, Kawachi I, Martinez-Hernandez E, Aguilar E, Gresa-Arribas N, Ryan-Florance N, Torrents A, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Graus F, Dalmau J (2013) Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 12:157\u2013165","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4785_CR30","first-page":"402","volume":"30","author":"L Hau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hau L, Cs\u00e1bi G, T\u00e9nyi T (2015) Anti-N-methyl-D aspartate receptor encephalitis guideline to the challenges of diagnosis and therapy. Psychiatr Hung 30(4):402\u2013408","journal-title":"Psychiatr Hung"},{"key":"4785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2018.10.006","volume":"60","author":"SS Kong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kong SS, Chen YJ, Su IC, Lin JJ, Chou IJ, Chou ML, Hung PC, Hsieh MY, Wang YS, Chou CC, Wang HS, Lin KL, CHEESE Study Group (2019) Immunotherapy for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: experience from a single center in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 60:417\u2013422","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T02:45:30Z","timestamp":1612838730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04785-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of\u00a0interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"None","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}